Download PP-Cell Cycle and CAncer

(AKA--Mitotic Phase)
INTERPHASE:
• Period of cell
growth and
development
that precedes
mitosis and
follows
CYTOKINESIS
(cell splitting)
• Longest phase
of the cell
cycle
1. G1 = Growth 1—most cell growth
2. S = Synthesis—cell makes a copy of its DNA
3. G2 = Growth 2—cell grow a little to prepare for
division
INTERPHASE:
• Period of cell
growth and
development
that precedes
mitosis and
follows
CYTOKINESIS
(cell splitting)
• Longest phase
of the cell
cycle
1. PROPHASE:
• Chromatin condense and
thicken – now called
chromosome.
• The nuclear envelope
breaks down
• Centrioles
move to
opposite
"poles“ (or
ends) of the
cell
2. METAPHASE:
1. The spindle
(centriole) fully
develops
2. The chromosomes
align at the
metaphase plate
(middle)
3. ANAPHASE:
1. Paired chromosomes
separate and begin
moving to opposite ends
(poles) of the cell.
2. Spindle fibers lengthen
and elongate the cell.
3. Each pole contains a
complete compilation of
chromosomes.
4. TELOPHASE:
1. Nucleus begins
to form at
opposite poles.
2. The nuclear
envelopes and
nucleoli also
reappear.
CYTOKINESIS:
= the division of the
original cell's cytoplasm.
(There are now two
separate cells)
Cytokinesis: Animal Cell vs. Plant cell
Animal Cell
• Cleavage furrow
forms and pinches
cell in half.
http://wps.aw.com/bc_campbell_concepts_5/30/7910/2025031.cw/index.html
Cytokinesis: Animal Cell vs. Plant cell
Plant Cell
• Cell plate forms to
divide the cell.
http://wps.aw.com/bc_campbell_concepts_5/30/7910/2025031.cw/index.html
CELL CYCLE
MITOSIS
1.Prophase
1.Interphase
2.Cell Division
(Mitosis +
Cytokinesis)
2.Metaphase
3.Anaphase
4.Telophase
http://www.hybridmedicalanimation.com/anim_mitosis.html
Cell Cycle Regulation
 Cell growth and division are carefully controlled.
 Not all cells will go through the cell cycle at the
same rate.
• Examples of cells
rapidly dividing:
• Examples of cells
NOT dividing often:
http://stearn.ca/blog/wp-content/uploads
/2009/05/red-blood-cells.bmp
http://www.caring4cancer.com/uploadedImages/Website-C4C-20/Skin
_Cancer_(Non-Meloma)/The_Basics/Epidermis-dermis.jpg
http://apps.uwhealth.org/adam/graphics/images/en/19917.jpg
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=
cooper&part=A1967&rendertype=figure&id=A1982
http://www.rush.edu/rumc/images/ei_0062.gif
http://activebodyreadymind.com/images/Nerve.jpg
Cell Cycle Regulation continued . . .
 Cells that do not need to grow and divide can
enter G0 (resting) until they are needed.
Regulation
 Cells have both internal and external regulators.
• Internal
regulators—are
called cyclin and
make sure the cell
is ready at certain
checkpoints . . .
If not, stops the
cycle (see diagram)
Are all of the chromosomes attached
Is the cell
to spindle fibers and properly
big enough?
aligned on the metaphase plate?
Has all of the DNA
duplicated completely
or properly?
Is the cell big enough?
Regulation continued . . .
• External regulators—
are called growth factors.
• If cells are touching
other cells = no growth
• If space with no
neighboring cells =
grow/divide
http://media.pearsoncmg.com/bc/bc_campbell_concepts_5/media/art/ch8/ir/imagelib_tab_1/33.htm
http://www.yourcancertoday.com/ContentResources/Image/growth.jpg
Cancer
 Cancer = uncontrolled cell growth
. . . cancer cells do NOT respond to regulator signals
. . . results in masses of cells called tumors
. . . cancer = a disease of the cell cycle
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LEpTTolebqo&feature=related