Download Disease Prevention and Control

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Disease Prevention and
Control
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Types of Diseases
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Communicable Diseases
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a disease that is spread from one living thing to another
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a disease that is spread through the environment
Noncommunicable Disease
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a disease that is NOT transmitted by a living thing or the
environment
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Communicable Diseases
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Respiratory Infections – occur
anywhere in the respiratory
tract (from nose to lungs)
 Common Cold
 Influenza
 Pneumonia
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
 HIV/Aids
 HPV (Human
Papillomavirus)
 Genital Herpes
 Gonorrhea
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Hepatitis – an inflammation of
the liver
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Hepatitis A, B, and C
Other
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Lyme Disease
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West Nile Virus
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Malaria
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Lyme Disease
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Causes of Communicable Diseases
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An organism that causes
disease is called a pathogen.
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An infection is a condition
when pathogens enter the
body, they multiply, and they
damage body cells.
Bacteria
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Viruses
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a piece of genetic material
surrounded by a protein
coat
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will invade cells and
produce more virus
Other
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single-celled
microorganisms
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Fungi – fungus such as mold
or yeast
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enter the body and multiply
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treated with antibiotics
Protozoans – single-celled
organisms
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How Communicable Diseases are
Transmitted
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Direct Contact
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touching, coughing,
sneezing, biting, kissing,
sexual contact
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Indirect Contact
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Contaminated Objects –
virus or bacteria on object
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Vectors – an organism,
usually an insect, like a tick,
that carries and transmits
pathogens to humans or
other animals
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Water and food –
undercooked food, contact
with feces
Airborne Transmission
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pathogens that float in the
air and do not settle on
surfaces
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influenza, chicken pox,
tuberculosis
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Preventing Communicable
Diseases
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Handwashing
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Other Prevention Strategies
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running water and soap
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Eat a healthy diet
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scrub for 20 seconds
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Exercise regularly
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dry hands
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Avoid tobacco, alcohol, and
other drugs
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Cover your mouth when you
cough or sneeze
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Use insect repellant when
outdoors in warm weather
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Practice abstinence
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Manage stress in a healthy
way
Handling Food Properly
 Wash hands first
 Clean surfaces
 Separate raw meat from other
food
 Cook meat thoroughly
 Refrigerate leftover food
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Noncommunicable Diseases
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Cardiovascular Diseases – affects the heart of blood vessels.
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hypertension (high blood pressure)
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Atherosclerosis – plaque accumulates on artery walls
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heart diseases – chest pains, irregular heartbeats, heart attack,
congestive heart failure
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stroke
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Cancer – uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells
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Allergies – specific reaction of the immune system to a
substance that is frequently harmless
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Noncommunicable Diseases
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Asthma– condition in which the small airways in the lungs
become narrowed, causing difficulty in breathing
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Diabetes– chronic, life-long disease that affects the way the
body converts food into energy
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body does not produce insulin
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glucose (sugar) builds up in the blood instead of in body cells
Arthritis– pain and loss of movement in the joints
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Causes of Noncommunicable
Diseases
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Diet
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high-fat, high-cholesterol foods
excess weight
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Lack of Exercise
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Family History (heredity)
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Lifestyle Choices
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Environmental Risks
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tobacco, alcohol, or other drug use
suntanning/burning
exposure to radiation or other carcinogens
Aging
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How Noncommunicable Diseases
are Transmitted
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There is no transmission because these diseases are not
given from one person to another.
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Preventing Noncommunicable
Diseases
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Cannot control all factors – heredity (family history), age,
gender
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Controllable factors
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Eat nutritious foods
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low fat, low cholesterol, low sodium, nutrient-dense foods
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Maintain a healthy weight
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Exercise regularly
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Avoid tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs
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Protect your skin from ultraviolet radiation