Download Scientific and Intellectual Revolutions

Revolutions in Europe and the
Americas
Mr. Ornstein
Willow Canyon High School
AP World History
Answer:
• What is a Revolution?
Old Ideas
• Bible Explains All Science
• Church Teachings
Old Ideas
• Monarch Has Absolute Power
• Monarch Has Divine Right from
God to Rule over Country and
People
• Ex. Louis XIV, Henry VIII
View of the Universe prior to
the Scientific Revolution
• Until mid-1500s, people in Europe
believed Earth was the center of
the universe.
• This theory matched beliefs taught
by the Church.
Scientific Revolution
• Follows Renaissance
• During the late part of the 16th
century, science began to shift to a
new way of thinking about the
physical universe. This change is
known as the Scientific Revolution.
Nicolaus Copernicus
Revolution Starts
• In 1543, Nicolaus Copernicus
• His view is known as heliocentric
(sun-centered) model of the universe.
This is the idea that the sun is the
center of the universe and Earth is
just one of several planets that
revolve around it.
Galileo
• In Italy, Galileo Galilei uses his
telescope and comes to the
realization that the sun is the center
of the universe as well.
• Contradict the ancient views of the
world.
• Forced by Church to Recant
A new approach to science
• In the early 1600s, science begins to rely on
observation and experimentation rather than
the beliefs of the Bible.
• The new approach called for using the
scientific method to explain data found from
experiments. Scientists used reasoning to
create an educated guess or hypothesis.
They then tested their hypothesis multiple
times to end up with a conclusion.
The Scientific Model
• The Scientific Method:
State the problem
2. Gather information on the problem
3. Form a hypothesis
4. Experiment to test the hypothesis
5. Record and analyze data
6. State a conclusion
7. Repeat the steps
– 1.
–
–
–
–
–
–
Most Important Information
to Know
• The main importance of the Scientific
Revolution is that the great minds of the
Enlightenment try to use and explain the
ideas of the Scientific Revolution.
– The Scientific Revolution is applied to
the ideas and science of the
Enlightenment.
Answer:
• What Changes During the Scientific
Revolution?
• What were two old ideas before the
Scientific and Intellectual Revolutions?
• How did the Heliocentric Theory Work?
• How was Scientific Method different
from previous methods?
The Age of Reason
• The Scientific Revolution Led Directly to the
Intellectual Revolution.
• The Intellectual Revolution is also called:
-The Enlightenment
-The Age of Reason
Influence of the Scientific Revolution on the
Enlightenment
• Enlightenment Philosophers attempt
to Apply the Lessons of the
Scientific Revolution to People
during the Age of Reason.
• Laws of Nature
Enlightenment
• The Intellectual Revolution was
a revolution of ideas about
people, government, and
society.
• Mostly in England, France,
United States
Answer:
• What are two other names for
the Age of Reason?
Thomas Hobbes/Old View
• Writes Leviathan
• People are
Naturally Bad.
• People should
give up freedoms
in exchange for
Protection from
Strong Ruler.
New Ideas from the Enlightenment
• Government Gets Power from the
People
• Government Should Protect Rights of
People
• Separation of Powers
• Freedom of Speech, Religion
John Locke
• Government gets its power from
the People
• Government is to protect Natural
Rights (life, liberty, property) of
Citizens
• People Can Overthrow a
Government that Fails to Protect
Natural Rights
Locke not Locke
Thomas Jefferson and John Locke
• Life, Liberty,
and Pursuit of
Happiness
• Declaration of
Independence
is Influenced by
Locke
Declaration of Independence
• Written by Jefferson Influenced by
Locke
• People have the right to replace a
government that fails to protect natural
rights.
• If government fails to protect Natural
Rights people have the right to rebel.
Influence of the Enlightenment
• Directly Influences Revolutions in
America, France, and Latin America
• Declaration of Independence
• US Constitution
Ticket Out the Door
• Name two revolution influenced by the
Intellectual Revolution?
• How did the Scientific Revolution
influence the Enlightenment?
• How did an Absolute Monarchy work?
• How were the ideas of Locke different
from an Absolute Monarchy?