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chapter 1 Consciousness: Bodily Rhythms and Mental States chapter 1 Biological Rhythms: The Tides of Expericence Biological Rhythms • Biological Rhythms- Define • Endogenous-Define • Circadian Rhythms- Define – Examples • What do rhythms influence? Circadian Rhythms • Where do they exist? • How do we test them? – What did they find The Body’s Clock • • • • Surprachiasmatic Nucleus- Define Where is it located? Example of what it controls Melatonin- Define – What is it associated with? When the Clock is out of Sync • Internal Desynchronization- Define • Best example? • Describe how one should do shift work and why Mood and Long Term Rhythm • Does the Season Affect Mood? – Seasonal Affective Disorder- Define • Treatments • %’s given • Does the Menstrual Cycle Affect Mood? – Physical Symptoms? – Emotional Symptoms? – How do we study this? – What are the findings? Name and Explain • 1. • 2. • 3. • Does Testosterone Affect Mood? – Fluctuations? – High levels are linked with what? • Examples of when it rises The Rhythms of Sleep How does sleep put people at risk? Why We Sleep • What does sleep appear to provide? What happens when we do not get enough? • What happens to humans after 4 days without sleep? – Animals? • 51 year old man story? Explain • Why is sleep necessary for mental functions? Insomnia- Define Sleep Apnea- Define Narcolepsy- Define What is the “recommended amount of sleep?” # of Americans that get fewer than the recommended hours? What do American students average? The Realms of Sleep REM Sleep- Define How does the sleep cycle work? How long does it take? What brain waves are present when you first go to bed? o Describe them Describe the following steps: o Stage 1- o Stage 2 Sleep Spindles- Define o Stage 3 Delta Waves- Define o Stage4- How does he sleep cycle go: 1, 2, 3, 4, ___, ___, ___ What happens next? Why is REM sleep “paradoxical” sleep? Are the cycles regular? Why or why not? Exploring the Dream World Exploring the Dream World • Lucid Dreams- Define • Who experiences REM? • Are our eye movements related to dreams? Dreams as Unconscious Wishes • • • • • • • Who thought of it? What did Freud call dreams? What can we express in dreams? What dreams are meaningful? Manifest Content- Define Latent Content- Define How should you analyze the content? Dreams as Reflection of Current Concerns • • • • Who came up with it? Dreams reflect what? AKA What did Gale Delaney tell? Explain Dream – Meaning of dream? • College student’s dreams? • Instructors? Dreams as Reflection of Current Concerns • Men v. Women-Traditionally? – Recently? • Rosalind Cartwright belief? – Her quote? Dreams as a By-Product of Mental Housekeeping • Who came up with it? • Explained dreams in _________________________ and _________________________ • Dreams are a: • Why does the brain shut out sensory input? • What are we recalling in dreams? Dreams as a By-Product of Mental Housekeeping • What did Crick and Mitchison believe? – Reverse Learning- Explain – Should we analyze dreams? Why or why not? • What have other researchers said? • Consolidation- Define • What are dreams doing in this theory? Dreams as Interpreted Brain Activity • • • • • • Who came up with it? Another name for theory? What are dreams the result of? What is “activated?” What does the “synthesizing?” Give an example dream? Evaluating Dream Theories • Freud’s Theory- Accept? – Reject? • Solving Problems- Accept? – Reject? • Mental Housekeeping- Accept? – Reject? • Activation-Synthesis- Accept? – Reject?