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chapter 1
Consciousness: Bodily
Rhythms and Mental States
chapter 1
Biological Rhythms: The Tides
of Expericence
Biological Rhythms
• Biological Rhythms- Define
• Endogenous-Define
• Circadian Rhythms- Define
– Examples
• What do rhythms influence?
Circadian Rhythms
• Where do they exist?
• How do we test them?
– What did they find
The Body’s Clock
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Surprachiasmatic Nucleus- Define
Where is it located?
Example of what it controls
Melatonin- Define
– What is it associated with?
When the Clock is out of Sync
• Internal Desynchronization- Define
• Best example?
• Describe how one should do shift work
and why
Mood and Long Term Rhythm
• Does the Season Affect Mood?
– Seasonal Affective Disorder- Define
• Treatments
• %’s given
• Does the Menstrual Cycle Affect Mood?
– Physical Symptoms?
– Emotional Symptoms?
– How do we study this?
– What are the findings? Name and Explain
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.
• Does Testosterone Affect Mood?
– Fluctuations?
– High levels are linked with what?
• Examples of when it rises
The Rhythms of Sleep
How does sleep put people at risk?
Why We Sleep
• What does sleep appear to provide?
What happens when we do not get enough?
• What happens to humans after 4 days
without sleep?
– Animals?
• 51 year old man story? Explain
• Why is sleep necessary for mental
functions?
Insomnia- Define
Sleep Apnea- Define
Narcolepsy- Define
What is the “recommended amount of
sleep?”
# of Americans that get fewer than the
recommended hours?
What do American students average?
The Realms of Sleep
REM Sleep- Define
How does the sleep cycle work? How long
does it take?
What brain waves are present when you
first go to bed?
o Describe them
Describe the following steps:
o Stage 1-
o Stage 2 Sleep Spindles- Define
o Stage 3 Delta Waves- Define
o Stage4-
How does he sleep cycle go: 1, 2, 3, 4, ___,
___, ___
What happens next?
Why is REM sleep “paradoxical” sleep?
Are the cycles regular? Why or why not?
Exploring the Dream World
Exploring the Dream World
• Lucid Dreams- Define
• Who experiences REM?
• Are our eye movements related to
dreams?
Dreams as Unconscious
Wishes
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Who thought of it?
What did Freud call dreams?
What can we express in dreams?
What dreams are meaningful?
Manifest Content- Define
Latent Content- Define
How should you analyze the content?
Dreams as Reflection of
Current Concerns
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Who came up with it?
Dreams reflect what?
AKA
What did Gale Delaney tell? Explain
Dream
– Meaning of dream?
• College student’s dreams?
• Instructors?
Dreams as Reflection of
Current Concerns
• Men v. Women-Traditionally?
– Recently?
• Rosalind Cartwright belief?
– Her quote?
Dreams as a By-Product of
Mental Housekeeping
• Who came up with it?
• Explained dreams in
_________________________ and
_________________________
• Dreams are a:
• Why does the brain shut out sensory
input?
• What are we recalling in dreams?
Dreams as a By-Product of
Mental Housekeeping
• What did Crick and Mitchison believe?
– Reverse Learning- Explain
– Should we analyze dreams? Why or why
not?
• What have other researchers said?
• Consolidation- Define
• What are dreams doing in this theory?
Dreams as Interpreted Brain
Activity
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Who came up with it?
Another name for theory?
What are dreams the result of?
What is “activated?”
What does the “synthesizing?”
Give an example dream?
Evaluating Dream Theories
• Freud’s Theory- Accept?
– Reject?
• Solving Problems- Accept?
– Reject?
• Mental Housekeeping- Accept?
– Reject?
• Activation-Synthesis- Accept?
– Reject?