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Thomas Jefferson's Contributions to the Constitution Dawson Schmehl, Addison Cantrell, Justin Roerig, David Dykes 12th Amendment • • • • Thomas Jefferson signed off on the 12th Amendment. It contains the steps for electing a president and vice president. The candidate running could now pick his running mate. Used to be person who came in 2nd was vice president. Election of 1800 • Jefferson won by a majority of 73 electoral votes to Adam's 65 votes. • Jefferson and his vice president Aaron Burr tied in votes, election was brought to house of rep. • John Adams was last Federalist president, bringing the death of Federalist party. • Referred as revolution of 1800, said to bring back spirit of Revolution. • Peaceful transition of power from Adam's presidency. LA Purchase (1803) • Didn't want future conflict with French, so Jefferson offered to buy the French Louisiana territory. • Napoleon sold Louisiana because he failed to reconquer the island of Santo Domingo and he did not want the U.S to ally with their enemy (Britain). • $15 million • Doubled the size of United States. Lewis and Clark • • • • • Thomas Jefferson sent them. Right after buying LA purchase. Comprised of Army volunteers. The goal was to map unexplored territory. Discovered new plants and animals. Hamilton - Burr • Hamilton and Burr's rivalry started during the election of 1800, when Hamilton got Jefferson elected into office. • During the election of 1800 Jefferson and Burr ran against each other and tied in electoral votes. • When the election moved to the House of Representatives, many people in the house hated the idea of voting for Jefferson, but then Hamilton who was a member of the house convinced many to vote for Jefferson, who was seen as the less dangerous candidate. • Their rivalry ended with a duel in 1804 which Burr won. Marshall Court: Marybury v Madison • Helped separate the branches of power. • They made a way for Judicial Review. • Marybury had a right to commission. Burr Conspiracy • After being dropped by Jefferson, Burr joined a group that wanted New England to secede from the union. • Exposed by Hamilton, Burr challenged and killed Hamilton in a duel. • Escaping to the western territories, Burr planned to start his own Confederacy with General James Wilkinson, and betrayed and arrested. • Was tried for treason but was acquitted. • Urged Napoleon to invade U.S with help from the British. Tripolitan War • U.S ships were taken hostage by pirates in the Barbary states and crewmen were held for ransom. • Jefferson refused to pay ransom. • Joined Sweden in their war with the Tripolitans. Berlin and Milan Decrees • The Berlin Decree was the declaration made by Napoleon stating that British ships were barred from ports that were under French control, and the Milan Decree enforced the Berlin Decree. • The British being unable to trade with the French, made the British start to lose sailors and money. Since there was a shortage of British sailors, the British started impressing American soldiers and getting them to join the British navy. • Jefferson and the rest of America, didn't like this so he signed the Embargo Act. Chesapeake – Leopard Incident • The Chesapeake-Leopard Incident was a naval engagement that occurred off the coast of Virginia in 1807 between a British warship, the HMS Leopard, and an American frigate, the USS Chesapeake. • The Chesapeake wound up surrendering to the Leopard. • The Chesapeake-Leopard incident created an uproar among Americans. • Jefferson attempted to use the threat of war to get Britain to stop interfering with the American navy, and also signed the Embargo Act into law. Embargo Act • A general embargo enacted by the U.S Congress against Great Britain and France during the Napoleonic Wars. • Designed to punish France and Britain as well as protect American shipping from any further acts of aggression. • Law was passed by Jefferson, it prohibited American ships from trading in all foreign ports. Non-Intercourse Act • • • • • Lifted all embargoes on U.S shipping. All except British and French ports. It was meant to harm Britain and France. Largely ineffective. Helped lead to the war of 1812.