Download Caspian Sea Watershed

Europe is the second smallest continent by land size.
It is made up of over 50 countries and has a wide
variety of climate and geographical features.
ORAL DISCUSSION
Think about what you already know about Europe.
What do you want to learn about the geography
of Europe?
2
The Arctic Ocean borders Europe to the north
Not all countries in Europe are part of the
southern borders are the Mediterranean Sea,
the euro, while other European countries use
and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The
the Black Sea and the Caucasus Mountains.
The Ural Mountains, the Ural River, and the
European Union. Some countries in the EU use
other currencies. Each country has its own
flag.
Caspian Sea make up the borders to the east.
THE
Kiev
MOLDOVA
Go online to see a
video about the
European countries
1
Unit 2
While the European Union is a defined group of
countries, the countries that make up the
continent of Europe have changed over the
years. Today, Turkey is considered part of
Europe and of Asia. The western part of Russia
is considered part of Europe while the eastern
part is considered part of Asia. The Ural
Mountains that go through Russia separate
Europe from Asia.
The smallest country in both area and
population is the Vatican City. Less than 1,000
people live there.
Cental European Time (UTC +1)
Greenwich Mean Time (UTC or GMT)
Eastern European Time (UTC +2)
Further Eastern European Time (UTC +3)
Capital Cities
Madrid is the capital of Spain and it is also its
London
largest city. Not all capitals have the largest
Paris
GMT (UTC)
CET (UTC+1)
Athens
Moscow
EET (UTC +2)
(UTC +3)
population in the country. For example, Ankara
is the capital of Turkey, but Istanbul has a
larger population.
Time Zones
The line of longitude at 0º is called the Prime
Meridian. It sets the time zones at Greenwich
Mean Time (GMT), also known as Coordinated
Universal Time (UTC). The countries in Central
European Time (CET) are one hour ahead of
UTC. The countries in Eastern European Time
(EET) are two hours ahead of UTC. For
example, when it’s 9am in London, it is 10am in
Paris, 11am in Athens, and 12 noon in
Moscow.
1
Which country is the farthest north in
Europe?
2 If it is 3pm in Madrid, what time is it in
Dublin? In Kiev? In Budapest?
3
How does Spain’s location compare to that
of other countries in the same time zone?
Unit 2
2
There are hundreds of rivers in Europe. Some of the largest, called navigable rivers, are used for
the transportation of people and goods. The Rhine is an example of a navigable river because it is
large enough for ships to transport goods on it. Can you find the Rhine on the map?
The longest river in Europe is the Volga. The
source of the river is in Moscow and it flows
into the Caspian Sea. The Danube is the
second longest river in Europe. It is a navigable
river. Can you find it on the map?
Depending on the sea which the rivers and
their tributaries flow into, we can find five
watersheds in Europe. Look at the map to
identify each one.
The Volga River
The Pechora River
The Thames River
Arctic Watershed
The Pechora and Dvina flow into the Arctic
watershed. These rivers wfreeze over in
North Sea Watershed
The Thames, Elbe and Rhine rivers flow into
the North Sea.
The Vistula River
Baltic Sea Watershed
the Oder and Vistula rivers flow into the Baltic
Sea.
Caspian Sea Watershed
The Volga and the Ural rivers flow into the
Caspian Sea.
The Ural River
Unit 2
2
Atlantic Watershed
The Loire and Seine Rivers flow into the
Atlantic watershed. The rivers in the Atlantic
watershed typically have a high volume of
water.
Mediterranean Watershed
The Ebro, Rhone, Po, and Tiber flow into the
Mediterranean Sea.
The Tiber River
Black Sea Watershed
The Danube flows into the Black Sea.
Rhine: 1230 km
Kama: 1805 km
Pechora: 1809 km
Don: 1870 km
Dnieper: 2287 km
The Danube River
Ural: 2428 km
Danube: 2850 km
The Caspian Sea
Volga: 3645 km
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
Km
The Caspian Sea is called a sea because of its
salt water. Technically, the Caspian Sea is a
body of water surrounded by land, making it a
lake. (Most lakes are thought of as freshwater.)
This makes it the largest lake in the world!
Sometimes, the northern part of Caspian Sea is
frozen in winter. The ice can become very thick.
The Seine River
1
Unit 2
Lakes are formed when water collects in a basin.
Glacial lakes were formed at the end of the Ice
Age when glaciers receded and left huge
amounts of ice in valleys. Glacial lakes are the
result of the ice melting.
Lakes
Lake Ladoga is located in northwest Russia. It
is the largest freshwater lake in Europe. The
Rhine River flows into Lake Constance, which
is surrounded by Germany, Switzerland, and
Austria.
Lake
Geneva
is
bordered
Lake Saimaa in Finland
by
Switzerland and France.
1
Can you find these rivers on the map?
Po
Seine
Elbe
Rhine
Dnieper
Ural
Danube
Volga
2
Which river is a natural border between
Europe and Asia?
3
The longest river in Europe is the
The Caspian Sea
_________. It’s source is in __________
and it flows into the _____________ .
4
What is an example of a navigable river?
5
Write in your notebook the names of
each river on the chart. Locate the rivers
on the map and write the corresponding
Lake Como in Italy
countries.
Unit 2
2
The average elevation in Europe is 340 meters, making it mostly flat. This is due to the Great
European Plain which stretches across more than 4,000 km of Europe. The areas of lowlands and
plains are mostly in the north of Europe while the large mountains are located in the south.
1
Unit 2
The Ural Mountains form a natural border
between Europe and Asia. They are Europe’s
longest mountain range.
Meters
5500
5000
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
The Ural Mountains
2000
The Pyrenees Mountains form a natural
border between Spain and France.
The Caucasus Mountains form a natural
border between Europe and Asia. This
mountain range is located between the Black
Sea and the Caspian Sea. The highest peak is
1
Locate the highest peaks on your map and
write their corresponding countries.
2
Which mountain range has the highest
peak in Europe?
3
Which mountain ranges form borders
between Europe and Asia?
4
Is the average elevation of Europe higher or
lower than the average elevation of Spain?
Why?
5
Unscramble the following words to write
the mountain ranges and plains.
Mount Elbrus (5633 meters).
The Scandinavian Mountains are located in
the north.
The Alps go through more than eight
countries. The highest peak is Mont Blanc
(4810 meters high).
PNATRCIHAA AMNIUSNTO
URLA NTOIUNSMA
RSYEPNEE MAUSNNITO
AGTER NUAPOERE LNIPA
ANIACSP EAS
DANCAANVINIS AINOUTNSM
The Alps
Unit 2
2
Europe has an immense amount of coastline.
This is because it is made up of many
peninsulas and islands. In a way, the
European continent itself is a gigantic
peninsula. The largest peninsula in Europe is
the Scandinavian Peninsula. It consists of
Norway, Sweden, and the north of Finland.
A fjord in Geiranger,
Norway
Some European countries are islands. Ireland
and Great Britain are the largest and most
populated islands in Europe. Iceland, Cyprus,
and Malta are all examples of countries that are
Cliffs of Moher,
Ireland
Some of Europe’s coastline is very high, like
the Cliffs of Moher in Ireland. High coastlines
occur when mountains are close the the sea.
When the land next to the sea is flat there is a
low coastline, such as in the Netherlands or
Belgium.
A fjord is an inlet formed by glaciers. Fjords
are narrow, deep and long inlets on the sea.
They are surrounded by mountains or steep
rock. The glaciers left a deep depression on
the earth and sea water filled it which made the
fjords. They are located in the north of Europe
as well as other parts of the world.
1
Unit 2
also islands. The Canary Islands are part of
Spain, but they are not part of the European
continent. Similarly, the islands of Azores and
Madeira are part of Portugal but are not part of
the European Continent. Greenland is part of
Denmark, but it is located in the North American
continent.
There are many islands in the Mediterranean
Sea. Greece has thousands of islands and
Crete is the largest one. Corsica belongs to
Continental climate regions have long,
very cold winters and hot summers. There
is scarce precipitation.
France, but it has more autonomy than other
French regions. The large islands of Sardinia
and Sicily are part of Italy.
Oceanic climate rigion experiences mild
winters and mild summers. These areas
have consistent, heavy rainfall.
Mediterranean climate region have mild
winters and hot summers, with scarce and
irregular rainfall.
rocky coastline in
Santorini Island.
A strait is a narrow waterway that connects two
bodies of water. The Strait of Gibraltar
connects the Mediterranean Sea and the
Atlantic Ocean.
Mountain climate region typically have
cold
winters
and
cool
summers.
Precipitation is abundant, with snow in the
winter and rain the summer.
Do you remember? Subtropical Climate exists
in the Canary Islands.
Climate
Most of Europe is located in the temperate
zone of the Northern Hemisphere. A small part
of Europe is located in the arctic region,
including the northern parts of Finland,
Sweden, Norway, Russia and Iceland. Three of
the four sides of Europe are surrounded by
bodies of water, which influences its climate.
Polar climate regions have precipitation in
the form of snow and temperatures below
0ºC, except in summer.
Unit 2
2
MEDITERRANEAN
COASTS
MOUNTAIN
OCEANIC
CLIMATE
POLAR
CONTINENTAL
Physical Geography
of Europe
Lake Geneva
Lake Ladoga
LAKES
Lake Constance
ARCTIC OCEAN
Pechora
1
Unit 2
Dvina
WATERSHEDS
& RIVERS
NORTH SEA
ATLANTIC OCEAN
Loire
Seine
Thames
Rhine
BLACK SEA
Elbe
Danube
Peninsula
Coastline
Cliff
PLAINS
Fjord
Great European Plain
Strait
The Apennine
Scandinavian Mountains
The Caucasus
RELIEF
The Pyrenees
MOUNTAINS
The Alps
The Urals
The Balkan Mountains
MEDITERRANEAN
Po
Ebro
Rhone
BALTIC SEA
Tiber
Oder
Vistula
CASPIAN SEA
Volga
Ural
Unit 2
2
1
Write the capitals of the following countries
c. Where can you find the Ural Mountains?
___________________________________________
a. UKRAINE
d. Which is the longest river in Europe?
Capital:___________________
___________________________________________
b. BELARUS
e. How were fjords formed?
Capital:___________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
c. GREECE
Capital:___________________
3
Fill the blanks to complete the sentences
d. CROATIA
a. When the land next to the sea is flat there
Capital:___________________
is a __________________.
b. A __________ is a narrow passage of water
e. BELGIUM
Capital:___________________
f. SWEDEN
Capital:___________________
that connects two bodies of water.
c. When mountains are close to the sea there
are ___________________.
d. The _________ is where the land meets the
sea.
2
Answer the questions below
a. Which countries have polar climate?
________________________________________
________________________________________
b. Which mountain range has the highest
peak in Europe?
________________________________________
1
Unit 2
e. A __________ is a steep coastline of rock at
the edge of the sea.
f. Glaciers formed _________: long, narrow,
deep inlets of the sea.
g. _________ rivers are large enough for boats
used for transportation of goods and people.
h. The start of a river is called the _________.
i. A bowl-shaped depression in the earth is
6
Match the following rivers with their
watersheds.
called a _________.
BALTIC
SEA
j. ________________ were formed by melted
ice left by glaciers.
4
Vistula
Order these mountain ranges from the
west to the east. Write the number in the
right box.
ARCTIC
WATERSHED
Tiber
CASPIAN
SEA
The Elbe
1. Caucasus
2. Pyrenees
4. Balkan Mountains
5
3. Alps
BLACK
SEA
5. Ural Mountains
Write the correct time for each country.
Ural
ATLANTIC
WATERSHED
It’s 8 am in London. What
time is it in:
7
Pechora
Paris: ___________
Minsk: ___________
Moscow: ________
Oslo: ____________
MEDITERRANEAN
SEA
Seine
Complete the table below about the European climates:
CLIMATE
TEMPERATURE
RAINFALL
POLAR CLIMATE
CONTINENTAL CLIMATE
OCEANIC CLIMATE
MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE
MOUNTAIN CLIMATE
Unit 2
2
Pen Pals in Europe
Lucía is part of a pen pal program and she has received postcards from students around
Europe. Read her postcards and answer the questions.
Dear Lucía,
My name is Ciara (pronounced “Kee-rah”) and I’m
from Galway, Ireland. My name is an Irish name. I
have a younger brother named Séamus
(“Shay-mus”). There are two official languages in
Ireland: Irish and English. Galway is in the west of
Ireland and about 80,000 people live here. My
family and I live in a house close to Galway Bay,
which is an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean. It rains a lot
here. In the summer it is never hot and in the winter
it’s not too cold. Something special about my city is
the Claddagh neighborhood, which makes a
famous Irish ring. The Claddagh ring symbolizes
love, friendship and loyalty. My favorite subject at
school is Geography and I play on the field hockey
team. What’s the weather like where you live? Do
you like playing sports?
Bye for now,
Ciara
1
Unit 2
Lucia Fernandez
Calle Puerta Toledo, 15
28005 Madrid, Spain
Hello Lucía,
I’m Onni (by the way, I’m a boy) from Helsinki, Finland.
Where do you live? Finland’s land borders are Russia to
the east, Norway to the north, and Sweden to the
northwest. To the west is the Gulf of Bothnia, the Baltic
Sea is to the southwest and the Bay of Helsinki is to the
south. I live with my mom, my dad, my older sister, Ella,
and our dog, Lucky. He is a black Labrador and he loves
swimming. Did you know we have thousands of lakes in
Finland? In the winter it’s very dark and cold here so we
can’t let Lucky go swimming, but the summer days are
nice and we have hours and hours of daylight. Finland
used be a part of Sweden and later Russia, but we have
had our independence since 1917. The Nokia phone
company is from Finland. Our main language is Finnish
but Swedish is also spoken here. We speak in English at
my school and I like watching movies and TV in English.
My favorite TV show is Särkänniemi Doghill. Do you have
any siblings? Do you like dogs?
Kirjoita taas pian. (Write back soon.)
Onni
Lucia Fernandez
Calle Puerta Toledo, 15
28005 Madrid, Spain
Go online to read the
letter from Lucías third
pen pal!
3 The Nokia phone company is from Finland. Is
this statement true or false?
Answer the questions in your notebook!
1
2
Look at Onni’s letter. What does the word
“siblings” mean?
Based on Ciara’s letter, what kind of climate
does Ireland have?
4
Which languages are spoken in Ireland?
5
Why is it so dark in Finland in the winter?
6
Which countries border Finland?
7
Now, try writing your own letter to a pen pal
in a different country.
Unit 2
2
European Countries Presentations
Step 1: Gather Information
Name of country, the capital, and flag
Language(s)
Size: in land size and population
Rivers and lakes
Mountains and plains
Islands and Coasts
Climate
Currency
Culture (food, music and dance)
A great place to see on a trip
Fun facts
Step 2: Prepare Presentation
Now, it’s time to present your information to
the class! Using PowerPoint, Google Slides,
or Prezi, use the chart you made to create
your presentation.
1
Unit 2
Divide into groups. Each group
can choose an European country
other tha Spain.
Step 3: Class Presentations
Ask yourself while your classmates present their
countries:
What is similar about this country to your project?
What is different?
Whats are three interesting things you learned?
Go online for more information about this projec!