Download Weathering

Name
Date
Class
Note taking Outline
LESSON 1
Weathering
Objective: Students should be able to explain what weathering is and describe the differences in how
mechanical and chemical weathering break down rock and change landforms on the surface of Earth.
A. Weathering and Its Effects (Pg. 149)
1. The chemical and physical processes that change objects on Earth’s surface over
time are called
.
2. Over thousands of years,
breaks up rocks into smaller
pieces.
B. Mechanical Weathering (Pg. 150-151)
1. During
, physical processes break rocks into smaller
pieces.
2. Mechanical weathering does not change the
of the
rock.
3. When mechanical weathering breaks a large rock into smaller pieces, the total
of the rock increases.
4. Between sandy and clay soils,
soil holds more water
and nutrients because it consists of smaller particles that have more surface area.
5. In
, water enters cracks in rocks and freezes. Water
when it freezes and makes the cracks larger.
6. Grinding rock away by friction or impact is called
7.
.
growing in a crack in a rock and animals burrowing
through loose rock can cause mechanical weathering.
C. Chemical Weathering (Pg. 152-153)
1. During
, the materials that make up rocks are changed
into new materials.
2. Water is an important agent of
weathering because
most substances
in water.
3. A(n)
is a more powerful weathering agent than water.
a. The measure of acidity is called
b. An acid has a pH less than
.
c. Rain weathers rock because rain is slightly
d.
.
.
rain contains pollutants that make its pH less than 5.
4. Oxygen combines with other elements or molecules
during
.
a. Most oxygen used in oxidation comes from the
.
b. The product of oxidation is a(n)
.
c. Oxides are useful because they form
, which people
use to obtain metals.
d. The
part of a rock oxidizes the most because it has
more contact with oxygen in the air.
D. What affects weathering rates? (Pg. 154)
1. Mechanical and chemical weathering depend on
and
temperature.
a. Mechanical weathering occurs fastest in areas that have a lot of
changes.
b. Chemical weathering is fastest where the climate is warm
and
.
c. Overall, weathering occurs fastest in regions near the
2. The type of
.
also affects how fast weathering occurs. The
most easily weathered
in a rock determines how
quickly the rock weathers.
Directions: Complete the chart by choosing terms from the word bank and completing each sentence.
abrasion
intense temperatures
acid rain
animals
oxidation
ice wedging
normal rain
plants
Mechanical Weathering
1.
cause(s) weathering
because
2.
because
because
.
cause(s) weathering
because
5.
.
cause(s) weathering
because
.
is the process that
combines
7.
.
cause(s) weathering
4.
6.
.
cause(s) weathering
3.
Chemical Weathering
.
has a pH of about 5.6
and can cause
8.
.
has a pH of 4.5 or less
and causes
.
Name
Date
Class
Content Practice A
LESSON 1
Weathering
Directions: Complete this concept map by choosing statements and writing them in the correct spaces.
Rock and water grind other rock.
Pollutants dissolve in water.
Animals burrow into soil.
Ice expands cracks in rock.
Molecules combine and form oxides.
Plants cause rocks to crumble.
Intense temperature causes rocks to
expand.
1. Mechanical
Weathering
Weathering
2. Chemical
Weathering
Key Concept Builder
LESSON 1
Weathering
Key Concept How does weather break down or change rock?
Directions: Use the clues and the terms listed below to complete the puzzle.
abrasion
chemical weathering
pH
acid
crumbling
surface area
acid rain
ice wedging
burrowing
oxide
Clues
Across
2. weathering caused by grinding away
at rock
5. what animals do that breaks down rock
7. the process that changes minerals into
new minerals
9. weathering caused by plants and
animals
10. rain with a pH of 4.5 or less
Weathering and Soil
Down
1. weathering caused by water that freezes
3. all the space on the surface plane of an
object
4. the product of oxidation
6. a measure of acidity
8. anything with a pH between 0 and 7
For Your Notebook: Mechanical and Chemical Weathering
Define weathering:
Mechanical Weathering
Cause
Effect
1. Ice Wedging
2. Explain how ice wedging causes weathering.
3. Abrasion.
4. Explain how abrasion causes weathering.
5. Plants-Mechanical
6. Explain how plants cause weathering.
7. Animals-
8. Explain how animals cause weathering.
9. Water
Chemical Weathering
Effect
10. Explain how
water causes chemical weathering.
11. Chemicals
12. Explain how chemical causes chemical weathering.
13. Oxidation
14. Explain how oxidation causes chemical weathering.