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Oxidation Chemical Weathering – Oxidation Rocks with metallic elements combine with oxygen (in air and water) and rust away (rust stains the rocks REDDISH BROWN). Oxygen combines with iron minerals and sulfur minerals, changing the composition of the rock. These new substances are usually much softer and thus, easier for other forces to break apart. Oxidation is responsible for the Statue of Liberty turning green. Hydrolysis Chemical Weathering – Hydrolysis Hydrolysis is the weathering reaction that occurs when water and chemical compounds in a rock meet. This results in decomposition (the break-down) of the rock surface by forming new compounds. The most common example of hydrolysis is feldspar, which can be found in granite changing to clay. Carbonation Chemical Weathering – Carbonation Carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere dissolves in the droplets of water that make-up clouds. This forms a weak carbonic acid. This is the same acid found in soda. This acid is too weak to harm plants and animals, but slowly causes certain stones (i.e. feldspar and limestone) to decompose. The substances in rocks form new types of softer substances. Forms stalactites and stalagmites in caves as carbonic acid moves through limestone.