Download UNIT 2 Civil War Times

November 02, 2011
UNIT 2
Civil War Times
CHAPTER 3
THE NATION DIVIDED
Chapter 3 Lesson 1
Vocabulary
Division Over Slavery
* Slavery was another issue with the North and South
sectionalism
regional loyalty
* The ways of life of the North and South affected their decision to
continue having slaves as they moved further west
tariff
a tax on goods brought into a country
* As settlers moved west they asked to join the Union - the question
was always the same "Are you a free state or a slave state?"
states' rights
the idea that the states, rather than the
federal government, should have final
authority over their own affairs
* For a while things were even; but when the Missouri Territory
asked to join the union as a slave state the balance was broken
free state
* Henry Clay - Missouri Compromise
This plan would allow Missouri to join as a slave state, Maine
would join as a free state and the balance would be back. Then a line
would be drawn on the map where slavery would be allowed south
of the line and not allowed above the line
Chapter 3 Lesson 1
Regional Disagreements
* Strong differences between regions began to exist when expansion
became prevalent
* Congress began making decisions that helped their own regions not
the entire nation
* These problems threatened to break apart this new nation
Debate Over State Authority
* Tariffs helped the north because manufacturing and trade were wide-spread
economic factors there and the south benefited very little because of the
agriculture based economy
* 1829 - President Jackson (North) Vice President Calhoun (South)
argued over the tariffs and state's rights; Calhoun felt that state's should
be able to reject laws made by Congress
* Jackson,although he supported state's rights, still felt that the federal government
had the constitutional right to collect tariffs
* 1832 - New tariff laws further divided the nation
slave state
a state that did not allow slavery before the
Civil War
a state that allowed slavery before the Civil
War
A New Compromise
* Following the Missouri Compromise 6 new states joined the Union
* Free states and slave states remained balanced
*When California joined the union they entered as a free state - The Missouri
Compromise did not apply to this land west of the Louisiana Purchase
* Henry Clay again created the Compromise of 1850
~ California entered as a free state
~ Two other territories were created who could decide for themselves
if they were free or slave states- New Mexico and Utah
* Henry Clay became known as the Great Compromiser
* Two years following Henry Clay's death the bad feelings between the free
states and slave states turned to violence
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Bleeding Kansas
* 1854 Congress passed the Kansas-Nebraska Act
This change to the Missouri Compromise allowed Kansas
and Nebraska could decide for themselves if they were free
states or slave states by voting
* A mad rush was made into these states to help decide through votes
the outcome of this decision
* A battle called "Bleeding Kansas" occurred and this blood shed
led to the south considering leaving the union
The Dred Scott Decision
* In 1857 the case of an enslaved African American named Dred
Scott appeared before the Supreme Court. Dred Scott asked for
his freedom and it was denied
* Scott was a slave who moved often with his owner from free states
to slave states. When his owner died he petitioned to be freed because
he lived in a free state. Supreme Court Justice Roger B. Taney
determined that Scott was a slave and did not have the rights or
privileges of an American citizen and that living in a free state did not
change that
* He felt that Congress could not forbid slavery in Wisconsin, he felt
that the constitution protected the right to own slaves because they
were property and the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional
* This case made the problem concerning slavery worse
Chapter 3 Lesson 2
Chapter 3 Lesson 2
Slavery and Freedom
emancipation
the freeing of enslaved people
resist
to act against
code
a set of laws
fugitive
a person who is running away from
something
* Slavery in the south was lucrative for the cotton plantation owners
underground
done in secret
* By 1869 one of every four white Southern families owned slaves
abolitionist
a person who wanted to end slavery
equality
equal rights
Slavery and the Law
* By 1860 there were 4 million slaves in the US
* Growth of cotton as a cash crop contributes to slavery increase
The Slave Economy
* Rice, tobacco, and sugarcane were also high producing cash crops
The Underground Railroad
* In 1832 members of Virginia legislature debated emancipation
* The Underground Railroad was a system of secret escape routes
leading to free lands
* Slavery rebellions were becoming common
Nat Turner led a large rebellion in Southampton County
* Harriet Tubman - a free slave was one of the best-known conductors of
the Underground Railroad
* Although most slaves did not rebel they resisted
* Virginia eventually voted not to end slavery and passed laws or
codes to control slaves.
~ not allowed to leave their owner's land
~ could not meet in groups
~ could not sell or buy goods
~ not allowed to learn to read or write
~ speaking against slavery was a crime
* Fugitive Slave Act - anyone caught helping a slave escape could
be punished
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Women Work for Change
* Elizabeth Cady Stanton - a defender of women's and slave's rights
* Harriet Beecher Stowe - wrote the novel "Uncle Tom's Cabin" telling
of the miseries of slavery
Abolitionists
* Society of Friends - these Quakers were activists fighting against
slavery
This was the first organized group against slavery
* Isabella Van Wagener - former slave speaking out against slavery
She is better known as Sojourner Truth which means "traveler"
She believed that slavery could be resolved peacefully
* John Brown led a raid on a government store house in Harper Ferry,
West Virginia where he seized guns so slaves could fight for their
freedom. He was caught, tried, and hanged.
* By 1860 the nation was headed for Civil War
* Samuel Cornish and John Russwurm - started the newspaper
Freedom's Journal the first newspaper written and published
by African Americans
* William Lloyd Garrison - a white northerner wrote "The Liberator"
* Frederick Douglass - famous abolitionist speaker
Frederick Douglass's Famous Speech
Chapter 3
Lesson 3 Vocabulary
secede
to leave
Confederacy
the group of eleven states that left
the union , also called the
Confederate States of America
Chapter 3 Lesson 3
The Union Breaks Apart
* Leaders like Abraham Lincoln began speaking out about slavery
* He did not want to abolish slavery he just wanted to prevent its
spread in the hope that someday it would die out
Young Abe Lincoln
* Abe Lincoln was born in Kentucky in 1809
* 1816 the Lincoln's moved to Indiana Territory because there were few
jobs in Kentucky due to slavery
* Fourteen years later they moved to Illinois
* Abe studied law and became a lawyer by 1834, House of Representatives
in 1846, joined the Republican Party, in 1858 ran for the Senate
* "A house divided against itself can not stand."
The Election of 1860
Lincoln and Douglas
* 1858 the famous Lincoln-Douglas Debates
* Stephen Douglas
wrote the Kansas-Nebraska Act
believed that states should decide if slavery was allowed there
won reelection against Abraham Lincoln in 1858
lost to Lincoln in 1860 for President of the United Sates
* Abraham Lincoln
believed the constitution intended for slavery to end
lost to Stephen Douglas in 1858 for a senate position
won election for Presidency against Douglas in 1860
* Abraham Lincoln represented the Republicans who opposed
the spread of slavery
* The Democratic Party was divided in its views - some supported
Douglas who believed states should decide about slavery on their own
and some supported John Breckinridge who believed slavery should
be allowed in the West
* Lincoln's election was almost certain due to this division in the
Democratic Party
* Some Southerners threatened to secede if Lincoln became President
* Lincoln did not win a single state in the south during the 1860
elections but won enough states in the north and west to become
president
* Following the elections South Carolina, Alabama, Florida, Georgia,
Louisiana, and Mississippi seceded from the Union
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Crisis at Fort Sumter
* South Carolina, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana,
and Mississippi formed a new government and called
themselves the Confederate States of America
* Jefferson Davis a US senator was elected president of
this new group of states and Alexander Stephens became
Vice President
* Texas later joined the Confederacy
* March 4, 1861 Lincoln took the oath of Presidency
* Lincoln's inauguration speech indicated he did not believe that
any state could secede from the Union
* Tension grew the first month of Lincoln's term and the country's
fate was soon determined at Fort Sumter
* Fort Sumter
~Union controlled but supplies were running short so President
Lincoln sent supplies to the fort
~The confederacy insisted that Fort Sumter surrender and on
April 12, 1861 they fired on the fort and within 34 hours the fort
surrendered to the Confederate army
~President Lincoln ordered troops to stop the rebellion and
preserve the US
~Four more states seceded - Arkansas, North Carolina, Tennessee,
and Virginia, which brought the number to 11
~ The Civil War had begun
Time Line of the Civil War
Chapter 3 Lesson 4
Civil War
* The battle at Fort Sumter ended all hope for a peaceful resolution to
differences between the North and the South
The Fighting Begins
* First major battle on July 1861 The Battle of Bull Run or the Battle of
Manassas in Virginia
* Stonewall Jackson (Thomas Jackson) led the confederates out of retreat at
Bull Run and went on to win this battle - the north was shocked
* Most northerners supported the Union and most white southerners
supported the confederacy
* The border states had a more difficult choice - these states permitted
slavery but did not secede
* Trivia - Northerners named their battles after the nearest stream,
Southerners named theirs after the nearest town
Chapter 3
Lesson 4 Vocabulary
retreat
to fall back
border state
during the Civil War, a state - Delaware, Kentucky,
Maryland, or Missouri - between the North and
South that was unsure which side to support
strategy
a long range plan
casualty
a person who has been wounded or killed in a war
Battle Plans
* The Anaconda Plan - Lincoln and the union army planned to
"Squeeze" the south by not letting them ship their cotton; if
they had little money they could not support their army
* Blocking of ports and controlling the Mississippi River was
their goal
* Many in the north wanted to go "On to Richmond" and invade
the confederates new capital
* The plan of the confederacy was to protect their land and they
expected the British and French to support them
* Many in the south shouted, "On to Washington" and wanted
to invade the north
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The Battle of Antietam
* By 1862 the Anaconda Plan seemed to be working
* September 1862 The Battle at Antietam Creek - Robert E. Lee
was the confederate leader at this time
The Emancipation Proclamation
* President Lincoln's goal was to save the Union from separating not to
abolish slavery
* The highest number of casualties so far in the war at this battle
* In 1862 he wrote a letter explaining his position to the publisher of the
New York Tribune
* The confederacy hoped to cut off railroad communication
between the states in the west and east and to find much
needed supplies in Pennsylvania
* The Emancipation Proclamation was issued on January 1, 1863 and
said that all slaves living in those parts of the South that were still
fighting against the Union would be "then, thenceforward, and forever
free."
* The confederate army lost 1/4 of their army and retreated to
Virginia
* This proclamation did not apply to the border states or states nearly
won back by the Union but to the states that had seceded
* The Battle of Antietam was a draw or tie but it resulted in
President Lincoln issuing the decision that all slaves were
free in the areas still fighting against the union
* The British and French did not help the south once the war became
about slavery because they did not believe in slavery
* The Emancipation Proclamation helped ease the Union army's shortage
of soldiers because the freed slaves fought for them
Contributions from All
* Men fought in the wars and the women took over the
role of working in factories and running businesses and farms
* Some women dressed as men and served as spies, joined
the army and fought in battles
* About 180,000 African Americans joined the army and
navy and served as spies and scouts
* Immigrants also served in the Union army
Chapter 3 Lesson 5
Vocabulary
address
a formal speech
Chapter 3 Lesson 5
The Road to Union Victory
It appeared for some time that the North was winning the war, but the war
was far from over.
Vicksburg and Chancellorsville
* Ulysses S. Grant became the leader of the Union by May 1863
* Battle of Vicksburg was Grant's first major battle
They pounded the city with bullets and cut off their food supply and
communication between the east and west
Vicksburg surrendered on July 4, 1863
* General Lee started a seige on Chancellorsville about the same time
Chancellorsville surrendered to the Confederate troops
General Stonewall Jackson was killed in this battle by a member
of his own troop
* The South headed north and reached the town of Gettysburg,
Pennsylvania on July 1, 1863
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The Battle of Gettysburg
* After the third day, when defeat seemed imminent for the South,
General Lee ordered General Pickett to make a direct attack at the
Union Army's center
* Pickett's Charge was a shoulder to shoulder movement of the
Confederate army into Union army territory near Gettysburg; they
were defeated and lost half of their men
The Gettysburg Address
* November 19, 1863 Lincoln dedicated a cemetery for Union soldiers who
died in the battle
* This address or speech lasted less than 3 minutes and became one of the
most inspiring speeches of all times
* During the Battle of Gettysburg on July 1 through July 3 , 1863 more
than 3,000 Union soldiers and nearly 4,000 Confederates were killed
* The Union victory at Gettysburg marked a turning point in the war
* Lee's army was never again able to launch a successful battle against
the Union army
The Road to Appomattox
* General Grant took command of all the Union armies
* Grant's army marched to Richmond, the Confederate capital
General Sherman was to march from Chattanooga, TN to Atlanta, GA
* Sherman followed his success in Atlanta to Savannah that became
known as the March to the Sea
* Sherman continued to South Carolina and Grant moved west
following his success in Richmond
* Lee had no where to retreat so on April 9, 1865, Lee surrendered
to Grant at Appomattox Court House, Virginia; following this official
surrender other Confederate armies surrendered
After four years the Civil War was over
Final
UNIT PROJECT
Options
*UNIT 2 TEST WILL CONSIST OF WRITING A REPORT or
COMPLETING A PROJECT ON ONE OF THE FOLLOWING TOPICS
* Slavery Timeline
* Memorize the Gettysburg Address and recite to class, background report
* Dred Scott Decision
* The Underground Railroad
* Civil War Battles
Gettysburg
Antietam
Appomattox
* Create maps showing the battle routes of the Union or Confederate armies
* Abraham Lincoln - Civil War, Presidency and Assassination
* Reconstruction following the Civil War
* Battle of Little Big Horn
* Thomas Alva Edison
* Civil Rights Movement
*THIS PROJECT WILL BE DUE TWO DAYS FOLLOWING THE CHAPTER 4 TEST,
SO YOU WILL WANT TO START EARLY
* "a government of the people, by the people and for the people"
REVIEW
*Complete pg. 137
*Use Teacher handout for answers
*Read directions carefully; some have changed
from the book
TEST DATE: TBA
The test will be 50 points
20 Vocab.
20 Short Answer, Multiple Choice, True and False
Unit Skills Review - Reading a Relief Map
YOU WILL BE ABLE TO USE YOUR NOTES FOR THE
FIRST 20 MINUTES OF THE TEST ONLY