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Monotheistic Religions JUDAISM, CHRISTIANITY, AND ISLAM Standard SS6G11: The student will describe the cultural characteristics of Europe. B. Describe the major religions in Europe: include Judaism, Christianity, and Islam Essential Question What do the three Western religions have in common? Religion Europe is home to 3 main religions: Judaism 2. Christianity 3. Islam 1. Similarities Monotheistic: being Started belief in one god/supreme in Southwest Asia Abraham Jerusalem is important to all 3 religions. is an important holy city All 3 have a holy book All 3 have a place of worship. Jerusalem, Israel Judaism Judaism This is the religion of the Jewish people. Founder: Abraham in about 2000 B.C. The Jewish holy book is the Torah. Considered the oldest of the 3 Western religions Judaism Place of Worship- Synagogues and Temples Jewish people are still waiting for a messiah or savior. Roughly around 15 million followers worldwide. Three Main types of Judaism: Orthodox, Conservative, and Reform. Christianity Christianity Founder: The Jesus Christ in around 30 AD. Christian holy book is the Bible. Based on the teachings of Jesus: love of God and neighbor, a regard for justice, and a belief that Jesus is the Son of God. Christians savior. believe Jesus is the Messiah or Christianity Place of Worship- Churches and chapels. Divided into 3 Main Groups: Eastern Orthodox, Roman Catholic, and Protestant. All denominations follow the teachings of Jesus. The early Christian church spread throughout the Roman Empire. About 2.1 billion followers worldwide. Islam Islam Islam means “submission to the will of Allah or God” in Arabic. People who follow the beliefs of Islam are called Muslims and the founder is Muhammad. Muslims believe that Muhammad was the last prophet of Islam. They do acknowledge that Abraham and Jesus were prophets, just not the most important one. Islam The Muslim holy book is the Qur’an (Koran) and it states how people should live their lives. There are 5 main duties of Muslims- Known as the Five Pillars of Faith 1. Prayer 2. Giving to Charity 3. Belief in and submission to one God (Allah) 4. Fasting during the month of Ramadan 5. A Trip to Mecca once in a lifetime. About 1.3 billion followers worldwide. Islam Place of Worship: Mosque There are 2 main groups of Muslims: Sunnis and Shiites. Main religion of the Middle East, North Africa, and Asia