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The Medieval Period “The Middle Ages” USE THIS POWERPOINT TO FILL IN YOUR NOTES The Middle Ages: The Reality In reality, life in the Middle Ages, a period that extended from approximately the 5th century to the 15th century in Western Europe, could also be harsh, uncertain, and dangerous. On the next slide, look at the map of what a Manor looked like during the Middle Ages… Notice all of the different aspects of the Manor such as of the: - Manor House - Village - Fields - Pastures - Mill (for grain) - Body of Water -Roads A Manor in Medieval England What was it? A large estate owned by a knight or a lord The lord lived in the large house contained pastures, plowed fields, forest, a windmill, mill, grazing pastures as well as crops and forests had a village where the peasants lived Home to 100 – 200 people Manors were self-sufficient meaning they provided everything they needed to survive everyday life. Self-Sufficiency Each manor was largely self- sufficient, growing or producing all of the basic items needed for food, clothing, and shelter. To meet these needs, the manor had buildings devoted to special purposes, such as: The mill for grinding grain The bake house for making bread The blacksmith shop for creating metal goods. Isolation These manors were isolated, with occasional visits from peddlers, pilgrims on their way to the Crusades, or soldiers from other fiefdoms. This means that they were all alone within the surrounding area and many miles apart from other manors. A Manor in Medieval England How was it organized? Medieval society depended on the village for protection A majority of people lived in manors. 100 to 1000 people Contains: Grassy fields for grazing and other fields for growing crops Windmill Village Church Village Guilds (and other jobs) include: Blacksmith, Tanner, Cooper (barrel maker), and other jobs to help the manor function Gardens Woods for hunting and gathering wood for fires Most buildings looked the same Peasants living quarters – huts Stop here and answer the following questions on your answer sheet before continuing with the rest of the slides. What was a “Manor?” Who lived in the Manor house? What other people did the Manor estate include? Name 4 important things that were part of a Manor estate. What did being “self-sufficient” mean for a Medieval Manor? What do they mean when they say the Manors were isolated? A Manor in Medieval England What was the “Feudal System” or Feudal Pyramid? Feudalism was a political and economic system of Europe from the 9th to about the 15th century -Feudalism was based on the holding of all land in fief. -Vassals pay loyalty to those who have provided them with land or services The feudal pyramid is: 1. KINGS at the top 2. NOBLES served as vassals to the Kings 3. KNIGHTS served noble lords in exchange for lands 4. PEASANTS did not own land, but worked on the land as vassals (could be serfs or villains) The feudal system caused great arguing and fighting over land and unequal share. Thus the word FEUD that we use today MEDIEVAL LIFE KING Loyalty FEUDALISM: POLITICAL SYSTEM Decentralized, local government Dependent upon the relationship between members of the nobility Lord and his vassals administered justice and were the highest authority in Food their land Military Aid ECONOMIC SYSTEM: LORDS (VASSALS TO KING) Food Protection Homage Shelter Military Service KNIGHTS (VASSALS TO LORDS) Protection Farm the Land PEASANTS (SERFS) Shelter Pay Rent Agriculture the basis for wealth Lands divided up into self-sufficient manors Peasants (serfs) worked the land and paid rent In exchange for protection Barter the usual form of exchange The Feudal System Under the feudal system, the king awarded land grants or fiefs to his most important nobles, barons, and bishops, in return for their contribution of soldiers for the king's armies. Nobles and Vassals Nobles divided their land among the lesser nobility, who became their vassals. Many of these vassals became so powerful that the kings had difficulty controlling them. The Peasants At the lowest level of society were the peasants, also called serfs or villeins. The lord offered his peasants protection in exchange for living and working on his land. Hard Work & High Taxes Peasants worked hard to cultivate the land and produce the goods that the lord and his manor needed. They were heavily taxed and were required to relinquish much of what they harvested. Answer the following questions about Feudalism: What is Feudalism? Fill in the Feudalism hierarchy pyramid on your answer sheet. What did the Lords do in return for the fief/land grants from the King? What kind of work did the Peasants do on the Manor? Why do you think the Peasants stayed at the Manor even though they worked hard and paid high taxes?