Download the moons of jovian planets.

Astronomy
A BEGINNER’S GUIDE
TO THE UNIVERSE
EIGHTH EDITION
CHAPTER 4
The Solar System
Clickers
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Question 1
Which of the following are terrestrial planets?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Only Earth
Earth, Moon, and Venus
Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Moon, Mars, and Pluto
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Moon, Mars, and Ceres
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Question 1
Which of the following are terrestrial planets?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Only Earth
Earth, Moon, and Venus
Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Moon, Mars, and Pluto
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Moon, Mars, and Ceres
Terrestrial planets are
“Earth-like.”
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Question 2
The major difference(s) between the terrestrial and jovian
planets involve(s)
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
mass.
density.
surface gravity.
density and surface gravity.
mass and density.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Question 2
The major difference(s) between the terrestrial and jovian
planets involve(s)
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
mass.
density.
surface gravity.
density and surface gravity.
mass and density.
Jovian planets
are more
massive, but
less dense, than
terrestrial
planets.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Question 3
Which of the following defines density?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Mass times surface gravity
Mass divided by volume
Size divided by weight
Mass times surface area
Weight divided by size
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Question 3
Which of the following defines density?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Mass times surface gravity
Mass divided by volume
Size divided by weight
Mass times surface area
Weight divided by size
Explanation: Density can be thought of as Matter
Space
Lots of matter in a small space = high density.
Little matter in a large space = low density.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Question 4
The angular diameter of an object
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
increases if the object is farther away.
decreases if the object is farther away.
is measured in light-years.
determines its parallax.
depends on its location in the sky.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Question 4
The angular diameter of an object
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
increases if the object is farther away.
decreases if the object is farther away.
is measured in light-years.
determines its parallax.
depends on its location in the sky.
Explanation: Angular diameter
depends directly on size and
inversely on distance.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Question 5
Compared with terrestrial planets, jovian planets share all
of the following characteristics EXCEPT
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
low density.
large size.
many moons.
ring systems.
slower rotation.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Question 5
Compared with terrestrial planets, jovian planets share all
of the following characteristics EXCEPT
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
low density.
large size.
many moons.
ring systems.
slower rotation.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Question 6
Pluto seems to be more similar to
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
the terrestrial planets.
the jovian planets.
asteroids.
the moons of jovian planets.
the moons of terrestrial planets.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Question 6
Pluto seems to be more similar to
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
the terrestrial planets.
the jovian planets.
asteroids.
the moons of jovian planets.
the moons of terrestrial planets.
Explanation: Pluto is perhaps best categorized as a Kuiper belt
object rather than a planet.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Question 7
Most asteroids are found
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
beyond the orbit of Neptune.
between Earth and the Sun.
between Mars and Jupiter.
in the orbit of Jupiter, but 60 degrees ahead or behind it.
orbiting the jovian planets in captured, retrograde orbits.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Question 7
Most asteroids are found
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
beyond the orbit of Neptune.
between Earth and the Sun.
between Mars and Jupiter.
in the orbit of Jupiter, but 60 degrees ahead or behind it.
orbiting the jovian planets in captured, retrograde orbits.
The asteroid
belt is located
between
2.1 and 3.3 AU
from the Sun.
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Question 8
The asteroid belt is evidence of
a) a planet that once orbited the Sun but later was
destroyed.
b) ancient material from the formation of the solar
system.
c) a collision between Jupiter and one of its larger moons.
d) comets that were trapped by Jupiter’s gravitational field.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Question 8
The asteroid belt is evidence of
a) a planet that once orbited the Sun but later was
destroyed.
b) ancient material from the formation of the solar
system.
c) a collision between Jupiter and one of its larger moons.
d) comets that were trapped by Jupiter’s gravitational field.
Explanation: Asteroids, meteoroids, and
comets may have not changed at all
since the solar system formed.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Question 9
Compared to asteroids, comets show all of these
properties EXCEPT
a)
b)
c)
d)
their densities are higher.
their orbits tend to be less circular.
they tend to be made of ice.
they can look fuzzy, whereas asteroids
appear as moving points of light.
e) their average distances from the
Sun are far greater.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Question 9
Compared to asteroids, comets show all of these
properties EXCEPT
a)
b)
c)
d)
their densities are higher.
their orbits tend to be less circular.
they tend to be made of ice.
they can look fuzzy, whereas asteroids
appear as moving points of light.
e) their average distances from the
Sun are far greater.
Explanation: Comets have densities much
lower than asteroids or planets.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Question 10
What causes a meteor shower?
a) A comet and an asteroid colliding
b) Earth running into a stray swarm of asteroids
c) Earth running into the debris of an old comet littering
its orbit
d) Meteorites being ejected from the Moon
e) Debris from a supernova entering Earth’s atmosphere
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Question 10
What causes a meteor shower?
a) A comet and an asteroid colliding
b) Earth running into a stray swarm of asteroids
c) Earth running into the debris of an old comet littering
its orbit
d) Meteorites being ejected from the Moon
e) Debris from a supernova entering Earth’s atmosphere
Explanation: Meteor
showers can generate
a few shooting stars, to
hundreds of thousands,
seen in an hour.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Question 11
Any theory of the origin of the solar system must explain all
of these EXCEPT
a) the orbits of the planets are nearly circular and in the
same plane.
b) the direction that planets orbit the Sun is opposite to
the Sun’s spin.
c) the terrestrial planets have higher density and lower mass.
d) comets do not necessarily orbit in the plane of the solar
system.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Question 11
Any theory of the origin of the solar system must explain all
of these EXCEPT
a) the orbits of the planets are nearly circular and in the
same plane.
b) the direction that planets orbit the Sun is opposite to
the Sun’s spin.
c) the terrestrial planets have higher density and lower mass.
d) comets do not necessarily orbit in the plane of the solar
system.
Explanation: The planets do orbit in the same direction that the
Sun spins. Most also spin in that direction, and most also have
large moons that orbit in that direction.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Question 12
The condensation sequence theory explains why
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
our planet Earth has water and rain.
stars are more likely to form large planets orbiting very near.
terrestrial planets are different from jovian planets.
the Moon formed near Earth.
Pluto has such a circular orbit.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Question 12
The condensation sequence theory explains why
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
our planet Earth has water and rain.
stars are more likely to form large planets orbiting very near.
terrestrial planets are different from jovian planets.
the Moon formed near Earth.
Pluto has such a circular orbit.
Explanation: The condensation
sequence theory explains how the
temperature of the early solar nebula
controls which materials are solid
and which are gaseous.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Question 13
Astronomers have detected most extrasolar planets by
observing
a) the “wobble” of their parent stars using spectroscopy.
b) starlight reflected by their surfaces.
c) eclipses when the planets block the light of their parent
stars.
d) the planets’ changing phases as they orbit their stars.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Question 13
Astronomers have detected most extrasolar planets by
observing
a) the “wobble” of their parent stars using spectroscopy.
b) starlight reflected by their surfaces.
c) eclipses when the planets block the light of their parent
stars.
d) the planets’ changing phases as they orbit their stars.
Explanation: Measurements of
the periodic Doppler shift in the
spectra of the star 51 Pegasi
indicate it has a planetary
companion.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Question 14
Extrasolar planets the size of Earth have NOT yet been
seen with current techniques because
small planets probably don’t exist.
the large planets nearby have swept them up.
Earth-like planets take time to form.
large planets orbiting near their
stars are more easily detected.
e) small planets can only be seen if
they cross in front of their star.
a)
b)
c)
d)
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Question 14
Extrasolar planets the size of Earth have NOT yet been
seen with current techniques because
small planets probably don’t exist.
the large planets nearby have swept them up.
Earth-like planets take time to form.
large planets orbiting near their
stars are more easily detected.
e) small planets can only be seen if
they cross in front of their star.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Explanation: Looking for detectable “wobbles”
in the spectra of stars finds massive planets with small orbits. Other
techniques may be needed to see less massive Earth-like planets.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.