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Major World Religions SOL WHII.15 Warm-up: How have the five world religions had a profound impact on culture and civilization? What are some characteristics of the five major world religions? Monotheism Belief in only one God Three monotheistic religions Judaism Christianity Islam JUDAISM Semitic Religion Based on the history of Hebrews (who were an ethnic group from the Fertile Crescent) Hebrew God=Yaweh Holy Text=Torah JUDAISM HISTORY Hebrews originated in Mesopotamia around the Fertile Crescent Abraham—covenant with God From there they went to Canaan or Palestine Forced to Egypt—enslaved Moses leads from slavery Return to Palestine (present day Israel)– believe God promised land to them David was king who united Hebrew tribes JUDAISM-BELIEFS Hebrew beliefs=religion of Judaism Monotheistic Basis=laws that governed daily life Ten Commandments Rabbis Diaspora JEWISH INFORMATION Belief in the messiah Mitzvoth Branches of Judaism Orthodox Conservative JEWISH RITUALS Circumcision Bar/Bat mitzvah Death=usually no cremation or embalming Funeral w/in 1-2 days in wooden casket Kippah or Yamekah JEWISH HOLIDAYS Chanukah Rosh Hashanah Yom Kippur Passover Where in the world can we find Judaism? Concentrated in Israel, Europe, North America and the Middle East CHRISTIANITY HISTORY Emerged from the Roman Empire Emerged as a result of Jesus (Son of God) Life of Jesus=Gospels (1st 4 books of New Testament) Christianity began as a sect of Judaism CHRISTIANITY--Jesus Jesus-the messiah Disciples Moved to Jerusalem Similarities/Differences in Jesus’ teaching and Judaism SIMILARITIES Monotheistic Ten Commandments Laws of Moses DIFFERENCES Jesus is the Son of God Jesus is the Messiah Jesus could provide salvation and eternal life for believers Preached forgiveness Christians belief in Trinity JESUS’ LIFE Feared by Jewish priests Feared by Roman leaders Betrayed by a disciple Arrested by Romans Tried by Pontius Pilate Condemned and Executed by Crucifixion Paul—spread Christianity Where in the world can we find Christianity? Concentrated East in Europe and the Middle Warm-up: Why are the cities of Mecca and Medina important to Muslims? ISLAM Arabian Peninsula-major trade route Mecca—market and location of the Kaa’ba Monotheistic Religion Medina Muhammad’s Life Successful merchant Married Kadejah/raised by an uncle At 40-met angel Gabriel in a cave while meditating Was told to spread the word of God or Allah Islam—submission Muhammad and followers were forced to leave Mecca Muhammad’s Life (cont.) In 622, journey to Medina—hijra 1st year of Muslim calendar In 630,returned to Mecca—destroyed statues in kaa’ba Spread by caliphs Religious Principles Monotheistic religion God is called Allah Holy Book=Koran (Quran) Judgment Day Five Pillars Jihad Harsh penalties for crimes No pork or alcohol Five Pillars 1. Declaration of Faith 2. Daily Prayer 3. Alms 4. Fasting 5. Hajj DIFFERENT SECTS Sunni Muslims Largest group Traditional path Islamic leader DOES NOT need to be a direct descendant of Muhammad Elect caliphs based on ability Entire Islamic community to be judged on the Day of Judgment DIFFERENT SECTS Shi’ite Muslims Believe that only descendants of Ali should lead Islam Believe that the Imam is the only person that can guide a Muslim to salvation RITUALS AND RITES OF PASSAGE Celebration of birth Men and women usually do not mingle together Polygamy—up to 4 wives Death is marked by simplicity Where in the world can we find Islam? Located in parts of Asia, Africa, and southern Europe What are the Five Pillars of Islam? Monotheistic Religions Monotheistic Religions HINDUISM No single founder No single text Religion based on compilation of many beliefs and many people Hundreds of gods and goddesses—Many forms of one deity (God) Numerous ways to worship BASIC BELIEFS Polytheistic (some consider it monotheistic?) Important gods: Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva Gods can be in human or animal form Believe in atman Ultimate goal is to reach moksha Reincarnation Dharma—duties Karma—Knowledge that all thoughts and actions result in future consequences All life is ranked CASTE SYSTEM 1. Brahmans 2. Kastriyas 3. Vaisyas 4. Sudras 5. Untouchables Principles of Hinduism Vedas and Upanishads Nonviolent Cleanliness/ritual bathing (Ganges River) Pilgrimage Name ceremony for new baby Ear piercing ceremony Hair cut Rite of passage ceremony Marriages are arranged Cremation at death Where in the world can we find Hinduism? Located Asia in India and part of Southeast Buddhism Grew out of Hinduism—spread of Buddhism from India to China as a result of Asoka’s missionaries and their writings Founder = Siddartha Gautama Gautama was a Prince Sheltered in a castle—in luxury He left the castle and saw suffering Meditated beneath a fig tree (48 days) Realized causes of suffering—became known as Buddha-”Enlightened One” Buddhism 4 Noble Truths Eightfold Path Nirvana Reincarnation Similarities and Differences of Buddhism to Hinduism Similarities Honesty Charity Kindness Nonviolence Differences No formal rituals No polytheism No god Just a spirit of the universe Buddhism Followers established monasteries/convents Birth ceremony Dalai Lama—most sacred religious leader within Buddhism Where in the world can we find Buddhism? Located (China) in East and Southeast Asia Hinduism/Buddhism Create a Map Using the map provided please identify the world religions Color code your map using colored pencils Location of the World’s Major Religions
