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Transcript
Star Search Game: Constructing a Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram Inspired by: Ian Christie (VSSEC); Activity created by: Nandita Bajaj Introduction: Star Search is an online game developed by the Victorian Space Science Education Centre (VSSEC) that allows the user to go on a simulated journey into space using a spacecraft in search of various stars. The user is able to scan the star to obtain important characteristics about the stage of the star’s life cycle, such as mass, diameter, temperature, brightness, and distance from Earth. The obtained data can be used to correlate the various characteristics of the star, which can further be used to reinforce their location on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. Instructions for the game and the activity Part 1: Star Research (computers required) 1. Go to the following link: http://interactive.vssec.vic.edu.au/starsearch/ 2. Click on “Game Introduction” and review the mission. 3. Click on “Start Mission” to start the search mission. 4. Choose your Spacecraft and click on Continue. 5. A list of 285 stars will appear (See also Table 2). 6. You will be assigned approximately 10 stars to research. Add the assigned stars to the Journey Plan screen using the “Add” button. 7. Select 45 minutes for your Mission Duration. 8. Enter your Captain Name. 9. Click on Start Mission to begin your journey. 10. Your chosen star name will appear under Next Destination. Click Go. (Note: At various times, you may need to call for Help, Refuel, and/or avoid cosmic hazards.) 11. Once you arrive at the star, click Scan. 12. Complete the Star Characteristics Table for each assigned star (See Table 1 below). Number Star Name Brightness (relative to Sun) Diameter (relative to Sun) Mass (relative to Sun) Temperature (°Celcius) Colour Table 1: Characteristics of Stars from the Star-Search Game N. Bajaj: www.changegamer.ca Database of the stars from the Star Search game 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. Gamma Crucis G001-045 Eta Arietis LP 062-147 LHS 2333 G163-051 A LP 101-148 V1581 Cygni A Wolf 940 AY Indi EGM 635 L 104-2 HD 142 A Beta Cassopeiae Epsilon Phoenicis HD 1273 GX Andromedae A HD 1461 Zeta Tucanae HD 1835 Beta Hydri Kappa Phoenicis V547 Cassiopeiae A Beta Ceti Eta Cassiopeiae A Phhi-2 Ceti Vyssotsky 89 A GI 47 Mu Cassiopeiae A Nu Phoenicis Kappa Tucanae A 50 Upsilon Andromedae UV Ceti A P Eridanus A Tau Ceti Alpha Trianguli Beta Arietis Chi Fridani A BD-10-403 A Alpha Hydri Alpha Arietis Mu Fornacis Delta Trianguli Kappa Fornacis Delta Hydri CC Eridani Lambda-2 Fornacis Epsilon Ceti A Gamma Ceti A Theta Persei A Iota Horologii Tau-1 Eridani BD+25-449 VY Arietis HD 18455 A Tau-3 Eridani Iota Persei Alpha Fornacis A BD-69-177 A BD-46-968 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117. 118. 119. 120. Zeta-1 Reticuli Kappa Ceti Zeta-2 Reticuli 82Eridani GI 140 A Kappa Reticuli A Epsilon Eridani GI 145 Delta Eridani Groombridge A Beta Reticuli Tau-6 Eridani BD-21-784 Omicron-2 Eridani A Gamma Doradus Epsilon Reticuli Alpha Tauri A Alpha Caeli A Beta Caeli Pi-3 Orionis Eta-1 Pictoris Zeta Doradus Kapteyn’s Star Capella A GI 195 A Lambda Aurigae 371 Orionis Nu-2 Columbae Gamma Leporis A Zeta Leporis Beta Pictoris Chi-1 Orionis A Eta Leporis Alpha Mensae 577 Monocerotis A XI Geminorum Sirius A Psi-5 Aurigae Alpha Pictoris I Puppis Delta Geminorum A Rho Geminorum A VV Lyncis A Castor A YZ Canis Minoris Pollux Alpha Chamaeleontis LHS 253 Delta Velorum A GI 323 A Iota Ursae Majoris A Alpha Volantis Sigma-2 Ursae Majoris A K Velorum Psi Velorum A BD+70-565 Theta Antliae A AD Leonis I Carinae GI 400 A 121. 122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. 128. 129. 130. 131. 132. 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. 138. 139. 140. 141. 142. 143. 144. 145. 146. 147. 148. 149. 150. 151. 152. 153. 154. 155. 156. 157. 158. 159. 160. 161. 162. 163. 164. 165. 166. 167. 168. 169. 170. 171. 172. 173. 174. 175. 176. 177. 178. 179. 180. GI 409 Beta Crateris Delta Leonis SZ Crateris A LHS 2407 A GI 433.1 GI 434 Denebola Beta Virginis Eta Crucis Alpha Corvi GI 460 BD+32-2241 GI 468 Eta Corvi FL Virginis A GI 474 Gamma Virginis A CD-39-7893 DT Virginis FS Comae Berenices 42 Alpha Comae Berenices GI 503 A BD-19-3653 Ross 1007 Iota Centauri BD-15-3668 EQ Virginis CD-32-9603 Tau Bootis A Eta Bootis Pi Hydrae Theta Centauri HD 124206 Arcturus Theta Bootis A Phi Virginis A Proxima Centauri Sigma Bootis Alpha Centauri A Alpha Circini A BD-15-3965 BD-15-3966 Xi Bootis A 44 I Boootis A HD 134987 Beta Circini Nu-2 Lupi Psi Serpentis Alpha Serpentis Lambda Serpentis L 153-157 A Chi Herculis Gamma Serpentis HD 147513 A Eta Draconis A Gamma Apodis Zeta Herculis A Eta Ophiuchi A Eta Scorpii 181. 182. 183. 184. 185. 186. 187. 188. 189. 190. 191. 192. 193. 194. 195. 196. 197. 198. 199. 200. 201. 202. 203. 204. 205. 206. 207. 208. 209. 210. 211. 212. 213. 214. 215. 216. 217. 218. 219. 220. 221. 222. 223. 224. 225. 226. 227. 228. 229. 230. 231. 232. 233. 234. 235. 236. 237. 238. 239. 240. Xi Ophiuchi A Alpha Ophiuchi Pi Arae Lambda Arae Mu Arae Psi Draconis A Mu Herculis A Barnard’s Star Zeta Serpentis Tau Ophiuchi A Iota Pavonis Eta Serpentis Lambda Sagittarii V774 Herculis Vega GI 744 GI 755.1 Delta Aquilae BD+31-3618 Sigma Draconis Theta Cygni A Altair Omicron Aquilae A Beta Aquilae A BD+25-4085 Delta Pavonis BD+76-785 Rho Capricorni A HU Delphini Wolf 1346 Alpha Indi Phi-2 Pavonis AT Microscopii A AU Microscopii Psi Capricorni Epsilon Cygni A Eta Cephei Iota Microscopii Eta Capricorni A 61 Cygni A Delta Equulei A Tau Cygni A Alpha Cephei Gamma Pavonis Nu Octantis Mu-1 Cygni A Delta Capricorni Mu Capricorni Epsilon Indi Iota Pegasi Alpha Gruis BD-08-5818 Nu Indi A Do Cephei A Upsilon Aquarii FK Aquarii A Xi Pegasi A Psi-1 Aquarii A BD-14-6448 A ZZ Piscium 241. 242. 243. 244. 245. 246. 247. 248. 249. 250. 251. 252. 253. 254. 255. 256. 257. 258. 259. 260. 261. 262. 263. 264. 265. 266. 267. 268. 269. 270. 271. 272. 273. 274. 275. 276. 277. 278. 279. 280. 281. 282. 283. 284. 285. EQ Pegasi A Gamma Cephei Iota Piscium Wolf 10 Iota Ceti LHS 224 Ross 987 Steph 852 LHS 2270 Steph 922 Steph 928 Steph 932 Omicron Virginis Steph 1021 Ross 991 Ross 1021 Ross 992 Lambda Bootis HD 144197 Eta Ursae Minoris Wolf 937 Wolf 939 Wolf 944 Wolf 953 Wolf 983 Wolf 990 L1003-48 BD-11-352 A BD-04-426 Wo 9124 Wo 9125 Wo 9127 BD-14-933 A Wo 9188 Wo 9303 Wo 9428 BD+25-2737 HD 146686 BD-22-4915 V775 Herculis BD-21-5237 BD-21-5933 Wolf 1014 Wo 9791 Wo 9809 Table 2: A list of the stars from the Star Search game N. Bajaj: www.changegamer.ca Characteristics of Additional Stars Number Star Name 286. Sirius A Brightness (relative to Sun) 21.48 Diameter (relative to Sun) 2.02 Mass (relative to Sun) 2.4 Temperature (°Celcius) Colour 9750 White 287. Sirius B 0.01 0.01 0.97 25200 White 288. Alpha Centauri A 1.47 1.09 1.12 5780 Yellow 289. Alpha Centauri B 0.43 0.83 0.79 4900 Orange 290. Sun 1.00 1 1 5780 Yellow 291. Achernar 3311.00 10 7 14510 Blue 292. Vega 37.00 2.78 2.14 9600 White 293. Procyon A 7.73 2.05 1.42 6530 White 294. Altair 10.60 1.83 1.79 7600 White 295. Bellatrix 4000.00 5.7 8.5 21500 Blue 296. Tau Ceti 0.52 0.79 0.78 5344 Yellow 297. 61 Cygni A 0.22 0.67 0.7 4526 Orange 298. 61 Cygni B 0.15 0.6 0.63 4077 Orange 299. Gliese 725 A 0.04 0.55 0.36 3500 Red 300. Barnards Star 0.01 0.15 0.15 3134 Red 301. Wolf 359 0.01 0.16 0.09 2800 Red 302. Arcturus 210.00 25.7 1.1 4300 Red 303. Pollux 32.00 8 1.86 4865 Orange 304. Deneb 54000.00 200 20 8525 White 305. Rigel 66000.00 78 17 11000 Blue 306. Betelgeuse 140000.00 1180 18 2500 Red 307. Antares 65000.00 800 15.5 2850 Red 308. Procyon B 0.01 0.01 0.6 9000 White Table 3: Characteristics of Additional Stars N. Bajaj: www.changegamer.ca Part 2: Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram Activity 1. You will perform this activity in groups of 5-6 students. 2. You will receive a blank Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram, like the one shown in Figure 1. A Hertzsprung-Russell diagram shows the relationship between a star’s brightness and its temperature on a map. Figure 1: An HR diagram shows the relationship between a star’s brightness and its temperature. The temperature scale increases from right to left on the x-axis, whereas the brightness scale increases from bottom to top on the y-axis. 3. Based on the information collected for each of the stars from Table 1 and the provided star characteristics in Table 3, choose a sticker that represents the colour and mass of the star to identify its position on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram provided by your teacher according to Table 4, Fig. 2, and Fig. 3 below. Mass of the star (relative to the sun’s mass) <5 10-30 Type of star Sticker to choose Small to Medium Large Small Small x 3 (bunch 3 stickers together to make a large star) Table 4: Masses of stars relative to the solar mass Figure 2: Small-sized white stickers (1/4“) Figure 3: Small-sized coloured stickers (1/4”) 4. Use the temperature and brightness of the star to locate its location on the HR diagram. 5. Using the appropriate colour and size of the sticker, place the sticker at the chosen location for each star on the HR diagram. 6. Once all the stickers have been appropriately located, compare it with the HR diagram provided to you by your teacher. N. Bajaj: www.changegamer.ca Post Activity Questions (adapted from Oxnard School District) Based on the Star Characteristics Table and the HR diagram you constructed, answer the questions below: 1. What factor affects the colour of a star? 2. What factor affects the luminosity of a star? 3. What is the approximate surface temperature of the Sun? 4. Is the surface temperature of white dwarf stars higher or lower than red super giants? 5. What is the colour of the stars with the highest surface temperature? 6. What is the colour of the stars with the lowest surface temperature? 7. List the colour of the stars from hottest to coldest: 8. Most of the stars on the HR diagram are classified as what type of star? 9. What type of star has a high temperature but a low brightness? 10. What type of star has a low temperature but a high brightness? 11. What type of star has a low temperature and a low brightness? N. Bajaj: www.changegamer.ca Figure 4: Full size H-R Diagram to be provided to the student groups for the sticker activity. N. Bajaj: www.changegamer.ca