Download OPENING: Describe the abolitionist movement. Why was it important

STANDARD: USHC 3.1 Evaluate the relative importance of political events
and issues that divided the nation and led to civil war, including the
compromises reached to maintain the balance of free and slave states, the
abolitionist movement, the Dred Scott case, conflicting views on states’
rights and federal authority, the emergence of the republican party, and the
formation of the confederate states of America.
OPENING:
Describe the abolitionist
movement. Why was it
important during Antebellum
America?
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passes
*Use cornell notes today!*
CLOSING:
•QUIZ
WORK PERIOD:
•Sectionalism
Lecture and Notes
•Compromises
Graphic Organizer
•Timeline
•Double-Flow Map
Objectives
• Explain how sectionalism impacted slavery in the
new territories
• Discuss causes of the Civil War including abolition,
Kansas-Nebraska Act and “Bleeding Kansas”
SECTIONALISM
•
•
Struggled to maintain the
balance of power between
slave and free states in the
federal government due to
the Great Compromise
The growth in population in
the northern and western
states made it more difficult
for the southern states to
protect their interests in the
House of Representatives
MISSOURI COMPROMISE (1820)
Why would a Balance
between free and slave
states be so important?
1. Missouri enters union as a
slave state
2. Maine enters union as a
free state
3. Slavery is banned over the
36’30’ line
4. Slavery is allowed under
the 36’30’ line
MEXICAN WAR
1846- As a result of the
Mexican War, the U.S.
gains more land in the
West known as the
Mexican Cession.
Congress now has to
decide whether to allow
slavery in these
territories.
A NATION DIVIDED
The Wilmot Proviso
• Any territories won during the Mexican War be “free soil”
and not open to the competition of slave labor with free
white labor
• Passes House, but stops in Senate
SLAVERY IN THE TERRITORIES
• The issue of whether slavery
in California and the West
would be legal led to heated
debates in Congress
• Gold rush led to application
for statehood for California
as a free state.
COMPROMISE OF 1850
• Clay’s Compromise
• Some Southerners
threaten secession,
withdrawal of state
from Union
• Henry Clay offers
Compromise of 1850
to settle disputes over
slavery
COMPROMISE OF 1850
• Terms of the Compromise
• Compromise has provisions to appease North and South:
- California to be a free state
- More effective fugitive slave law
- Popular sovereignty—residents of territory
vote to decide slavery
- Government to pay Texas $10 million for its
claim to eastern NM
- Slave trade banned in D.C. but slavery
permitted
• Clay gives speech begging North and South to compromise,
save Union
FUGITIVE SLAVE ACT
Fugitive Slave Act—part of
Compromise of 1850, has very
harsh terms
•Alleged fugitives denied jury trial,
right to testify on own behalf
•Federal commissioners paid
more for returning than freeing
accused
•People convicted of helping a
fugitive fined, imprisoned, or both
• North responded with the
personal liberty laws.
ACTIVITY ONE
Compromises/
Acts/ Provisos
Parties/
People
Involved
Year
Sectional/
Regional
Issues
Conflict
Compromise
So what?
ABOLITIONISM
• Abolitionists did not
significantly impact
actions of the
government.
• Petitions they sent to
Congress fell victim to
the ‘gag rule’.
• They did impact public
opinion: Garrison’s
The Liberator was
banned in the South
ABOLITIONISM
•Underground Railroad—secret
network of people who help
slaves escape
•Harriet Tubman (Moses)
escapes from slavery, becomes
conductor on 19 trips
•Fugitives go on foot at night,
often no food, avoiding armed
patrols
•Some fugitives stayed in North;
others go on to Canada
Watch Video (Tubman and FSA.)
UNCLE TOM’S CABIN
•Abolitionist Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin stirs
protest
•Uncle Tom’s Cabin shows slavery as moral problem, not just
political
Popular sympathy for slaves from northern leaders and anger
over the Fugitive Slave Laws
HARPERS FERRY
Oct. 16, 1859
• John Brown and 20 men
(black and white) raided
a federal arsenal
• Slaves didn’t join raid
• Consequences were too
dangerous for families
• John Brown was
captured
• Hanged
• Martyr (sacrificial victim)
• 10 killed
THE KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT
• Douglas’s bill repeals Missouri Compromise; bitter debate
ensues
• Kansas-Nebraska Act allows popular sovereignty on slavery
Race for Majority
• Kansas-Nebraska Act
(1854)
• Split Nebraska Territory
• Repealed Missouri
Comp. 36˚30˚
• Nebraska = Free
• Kansas = ????
RACE FOR KANSAS
• Northern, Southern settlers pour
•
•
•
•
•
into Kansas Territory
Most settlers sent by antislavery
emigrant aid societies
In 1855, Kansas holds election for
territorial legislature
Proslavery “border ruffians” vote
illegally, win fraudulent majority
Proslavery government in
Lecompton; antislavery rival in
Topeka
Both apply for statehood, antislavery Congress granted it as
free.
“BLEEDING KANSAS”
• “The Pottawatomie Massacre”
• Abolitionist John Brown believes God wants him to fight slavery
• Brown, followers violently kill 5 men in “Pottawatomie Massacre”
• Territory called Bleeding Kansas for incidents that kill some 200
ACTIVITY TWO
Cause
Cause
Cause
Effect
KansasNebraska
Act
Effect
Effect
CLOSING
• QUIZ TIME!