Download Hinduism and Buddhism (pages 246–253)

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D AILY L ESSON
AND
D ISCUSSION Notes 4-2
Hinduism and Buddhism (pages 246–253)
Tibet and tries to expel Tibetan Buddhism.Tibetans who fail to denounce
their religion or possess an image of the Dalai Lama, their religious
I. Hinduism (pages 247–248)
A. Hinduism, the world’s third-largest religion, is one of the oldest religions.
B. Hinduism’s roots are in the Aryan religion, which changed after borrowing ideas
from conquered people of India.
C. Brahman is the universal spirit made up of thousands of deities.
D. The Upanishads are ancient sacred texts that describe the search for Brahman.
E. Reincarnation is the idea of passing through many lives to reach Brahman.
F. Dharma is the divine law of Hindus. This law states that Hindus must perform
the duties of their caste.
G. The consequences of how a person lives is called karma.
According to Hindus, what are the consequences of a good and a bad life?
(Hindus believe if a person lives a good life, then that person might be reborn
into a higher caste. If the person lives a bad life, then the person might be reborn
in a lower caste.)
WH6.5 Students analyze the geographic, political, economic, religious, and social structures of the early civilizations
of India.
WH6.5.3 Explain the major beliefs and practices of Brahmanism in India and how they evolved into early Hinduism.
WH6.5.5 Know the life and moral teachings of the Buddha and how Buddhism spread in India, Ceylon, and Central
Asia.
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Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
D AILY L ESSON
AND
D ISCUSSION Notes 4-2
II. Buddhism (pages 249–253)
A. Buddhism is a religion founded by Siddhartha Gautama, the man who became
known as the Buddha, or “Enlightened One.”
B. Siddhartha Gautama was a prince who left his family and wealth to travel. In his
travels, he saw much suffering and questioned the need for suffering. Legend tells
he meditated under a tree for 49 days, and then he understood. For the rest of his
life, Siddhartha traveled to tell people about his discovery.
C. Nirvana, a state of wisdom, occurs when a person gives up all desires.
D. The core of Buddha’s teaching is called the Four Noble Truths. The Eightfold
Path describes the steps to eliminate suffering.
E. Buddhism divided into Theravada Buddhism and Mahayana Buddhism.
Theravada Buddhists believe the Buddha was a great teacher, not a deity.
Mahayana Buddhists believe the Buddha was a deity who came to save people.
F. Tibet is a country in central Asia where Mahayana Buddhism mixed with
traditional Tibetan religion and Hinduism to create a special kind of Mahayana
Buddhism.
G. In Tibet, religious leaders, called lamas, headed the government. The Dalai Lama
was the government leader, and the Panchen Lama was the religious leader.
H. A theocracy is a form of government in which religious leaders head the
government.
I. Jainism is another religion that challenged Hinduism. Jains believe in nonviolence
to all living creatures and live a strict life. Ahimsa, the Jain practice of
nonviolence, has influenced many people in modern times, including Mohandas
Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr.
Why was Buddhism popular with people of lower castes? (The
Buddha taught that a person’s life depended on the person, not the caste into which the
person was born. He believed that a person could stop being reborn by following the
Eightfold Path. This gave lower caste people
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