Download BioMi -1 WHICH STATEMENT IS NOT TRUE AS A GENERAL RULE

BioMi -1
WHICH STATEMENT IS NOT TRUE AS A GENERAL RULE?
A) Microbial cells exist as single cells or in cell clusters.
B) Microbial cells carry out their life processes independently.
C) Microbial cells include both bacteria and viruses.
D) Microbial cells exclude the cells of plants and animals.
THE GREATEST SOURCE OF BIOMASS ON EARTH COMES FROM
A) prokaryotic cells.
B) plants.
C) animals.
D) plants and animals together.
THE CELL'S GENETIC INFORMATION IS FOUND IN THE
A) cell membrane.
B) nucleoid.
C) cytoplasm.
D) none of the above.
CHANGES IN CELLULAR CHARACTERISTICS ARE TRANSMITTED TO OFFSPRING THROUGH THE PROCESS OF
A) chemical signaling.
B) reproductive initiative.
C) evolution.
D) none of the above.
CATALYSTS INVOLVED IN THE ACCELERATION OF THE RATE OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS ARE CALLED
A) catalytic converters.
B) growth agents.
C) evolutionary molecules.
D) enzymes.
REGARDING EARLY LIFE ON EARTH:
A) Microbial life existed on Earth for billions of years before plant and animal life.
B) Microbial life existed on Earth long before animals but has been around for about the same amount of time as plants.
C) Microbial life, plant life, and animal life all appeared at about the same time.
D) It is impossible to determine which type of life first appeared on Earth.
THE PERSON WHO DESCRIBED THE "WEE ANIMALCULES" WAS
A) Hooke.
B) van Leeuwenhoek.
C) Pasteur.
D) Cohn.
FANNIE HESSE IS CREDITED WITH GIVING __________ THE IDEAS FOR USING AGAR AS A SOLIDIFYING AGENT.
A) Pasteur
B) Cohn
C) Koch
D) Winogradsky
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WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS/ARE CHARACTERISTIC OF CELLULAR ORGANISMS?
A) Metabolism
B) Reproduction
C) Communication
D) All of the above
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT A MAJOR ECOSYSTEM?
A) Aquatic
B) Terrestrial
C) Atmospheric
D) Higher organisms, both plant and animal
MICROBES PLAYING A ROLE IN NITROGEN FIXATION IN PLANTS LIVE IN __________ WHILE THOSE PLAYING A
ROLE IN THE DIGESTIVE TRACT OF CERTAIN HERBIVORES LIVE IN __________.
A) rumens / nodules
B) nodules / rumens
C) nodules / fortrans
D) fortrans / rumens
THE ULTIMATE DOWNFALL OF THE THEORY OF SPONTANEOUS GENERATION WAS THE RESULT OF WORK BY
A) Pasteur.
B) Koch.
C) Hooke.
D) Leeuwenhoek.
A PASTEUR FLASK HAS A(N)
A) swan neck to prevent air particles from getting into the main body of the flask.
B) double neck so two substances may be added at the same time.
C) secondary opening at the base to allow for drainage.
D) inverted upper edge to prevent spillage while swirling.
KOCH'S GREATEST ACCOMPLISHMENT IN THE FIELD OF MEDICAL BACTERIOLOGY WAS WITH
A) Escherichia coli.
B) Bacillus subtilis.
C) Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
D) Bacillus cereus.
A PURE CULTURE
A) is sterile.
B) has only one type of organism growing in or on it.
C) is made of a clearly defined chemical medium.
D) was cultured for a certified stock culture.
CHEMOLITHOTROPHY INVOLVES THE
A) oxidation of organic compounds.
B) oxidation of inorganic compounds.
C) reduction of organic compounds.
D) metabolic autotrophy.
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VIRUSES THAT ATTACK BACTERIA ARE KNOWN AS
A) bacterial consumers.
B) bacteriophages.
C) microphages.
D) viroids.
THE PRESENCE OF MEMBRANE-ENCLOSED ORGANELLES IS A CHARACTERISTIC OF
A) prokaryotic cells.
B) eukaryotic cells.
C) all cells.
D) viruses.
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ARE MADE UP OF PROKARYOTIC CELLS?
A) Bacteria and fungi
B) Archaea and fungi
C) Protozoa and animals
D) Bacteria and Archaea
PROTEIN CODING SEQUENCES OF DNA ARE KNOWN AS
A) RNA segments.
B) chromosomes.
C) genes.
D) histones.
DISEASE-CAUSING PROKARYOTES ARE FOUND EXCLUSIVELY AMONG THE
A) Archaea.
B) Bacteria.
C) fungi.
D) viruses.
ORGANISMS MOST LIKELY TO BE FOUND IN EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS ARE
A) Archaea.
B) Bacteria.
C) fungi.
D) viruses.
IN RELATION TO EUKARYOTIC CELLS, PROKARYOTIC CELLS ARE GENERALLY
A) larger.
B) smaller.
C) about the same size.
D) There is no general rule about comparative cell size.
THE MODEL ORGANISM FOR MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY, AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY IS
A) Escherichia coli.
B) Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
C) Azotobacter sp.
D) Candida albicans.
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IN WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING HABITATS MIGHT AN EXTREMOPHILE BE ISOLATED?
A) Garden soil at neutral pH
B) Boiling hot springs
C) Human skin
D) A freshwater pond
AN ORGANISM OF THE GENUS STAPHYLOCOCCUS WILL BE __________, WHILE AN ORGANISM OF THE GENUS
SPIROCHAETA WILL BE __________.
A) spherical / rod-shaped
B) rod-shaped / coiled
C) spherical / coiled
D) coiled / spherical
APPENDAGED BACTERIA
A) possess tubular or stalk-like extensions of their cells.
B) have the basic characteristics of eukaryotic cells.
C) have filaments that are commonly called appendages.
D) do not exist.
MORPHOLOGY IS A TERM THAT REFERS TO THE __________ OF AN ORGANISM.
A) size
B) shape
C) appendages
D) attachment sites
PROKARYOTES STAIN AS GRAM-POSITIVE OR GRAM-NEGATIVE BECAUSE OF DIFFERENCES IN THE CELL
A) wall.
B) cytoplasm.
C) nucleus.
D) chromosome.
WHICH OF THESE STATEMENTS IS TRUE?
A) The gram-positive wall contains a thick peptidoglycan layer and is more complex than the gram-negative wall.
B) The gram-negative wall contains a thick peptidoglycan layer and is more complex than the gram-positive wall.
C) The gram-positive wall contains a thick peptidoglycan layer but is about as complex as the gram-negative wall.
D) The gram-positive wall contains a thick peptidoglycan layer but is less complex than the gram-negative wall.
IN GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA, THE CELL WALL MIGHT BE UP TO __________ PEPTIDOGLYCAN.
A) 25%
B) 48%
C) 72%
D) 90%
PSEUDOPEPTIDOGLYCAN IS A CHARACTERISTIC OF THE WALLS OF
A) Bacteria.
B) Eukarya.
C) some Archaea.
D) Bacteria and Archaea.
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THE LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE LAYER (LPS) IS A CHARACTERISTIC OF THE WALL OF
A) gram-positive Bacteria.
B) gram-negative Bacteria.
C) archaeal cells.
D) eukaryotic cells.
AN ENDOTOXIN IS
A) the toxic portion of the LPS.
B) a toxin produced within archaeal cells.
C) a toxin known for its primary attack on the epidermis of mammals.
D) the toxin produced in the periplasm of most bacteria.
NEGATIVELY CHARGED MOLECULES THAT ARE PARTIALLY RESPONSIBLE FOR THE NEGATIVE CHARGE OF THE
GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIAL CELL SURFACE ARE
A) diaminopimelic acids.
B) teichoic acids.
C) phospholipids.
D) peptide interbridges.
ALTHOUGH THE INNER LEAFLET OF THE GRAM-NEGATIVE OUTER MEMBRANE CONTAINS PHOSPHOLIPIDS, THE
OUTER LEAFLET OF THE OUTER MEMBRANE CONTAINS
A) pseudopeptidoglycan.
B) lipoteichoic acids.
C) poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid (PHB).
D) lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
WHY IS THE PRESENCE OF A CELL WALL SIGNIFICANT FROM A CLINICAL STANDPOINT?
A) Because all types of cells have a cell wall and it makes identification of the causative agent of disease difficult.
B) Because the cell wall protects microorganisms from destruction by the immune system.
C) Because animal cells do not have cell walls, so antibiotics that target cell walls can destroy invading microorganisms.
D) Because only gram-negative Bacteria have cell walls.
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS IS/ARE TRUE?
A) Fimbriae are generally shorter and more numerous than flagella.
B) Fimbriae probably function in surface adhesion.
C) Pili serve as receptors and are involved in the process of conjugation.
D) All of the above.
THE PERIPLASM IS A(N)
A) part of the outer cell membrane of gram-negative organisms.
B) part of the inner cell membrane of gram-negative organisms.
C) region between the cytoplasmic membrane and the outer membrane of gram-negative Bacteria.
D) alternate name for the inner cell membrane of any prokaryotic cell.
THE CYTOPLASMIC MEMBRANE COULD BEST BE DESCRIBED AS
A) an impermeable barrier.
B) a passive conduit for intracellular transport.
C) selectively permeable.
D) slightly permeable to water but impermeable to metabolic solutes.
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STEROLS ARE
A) virtually always present in eukaryotic membranes but absent in prokaryotic membranes.
B) virtually always absent in eukaryotic membranes but present in prokaryotic membranes.
C) virtually always present in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic membranes.
D) virtually always absent in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic membranes.
REGARDING MEMBRANE LINKAGES, WHICH STATEMENT IS TRUE?
A) Bacteria have ester linkages; Archaea have ether linkages.
B) Archaea have ester linkages; Eukarya have ether linkages.
C) Eukarya have ester linkages; Bacteria have ether linkages.
D) Bacteria and Eukarya have ester linkages; Archaea linkages are not yet known.
THE PROKARYOTIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM THAT INVOLVES A SUBSTRATE-BINDING PROTEIN, A MEMBRANE
TRANSPORTER, AND AN ATP-HYDROLYZING PROTEIN IS
A) the ABC system.
B) group translocation.
C) symport.
D) simple transport.
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VERO o FALSO?
WITHOUT MICROORGANISMS, ALL HIGHER LIFE FORMS ON EARTH WOULD CEASE TO EXIST.
MOST MICROORGANISMS ARE PATHOGENIC.
ALL MICROORGANISMS REQUIRE MOLECULAR OXYGEN TO CARRY ON LIFE FUNCTIONS.
METABOLISM IS COMMON TO ALL LIVING ORGANISMS.
DIFFERENTIATION OCCURS ONLY IN MULTI-CELLULAR ORGANISMS.
RIBOSOMES FUNCTION PRIMARILY IN ENERGY PRODUCTION.
PROKARYOTIC CHROMOSOMES ARE GENERALLY LINEAR.
RIBOSOMAL RNAS CAN BE USED TO STUDY PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ORGANISMS.
THE CYANOBACTERIA WERE PROBABLY THE FIRST OXYGENIC PHOTOTROPHS ON EARTH.
IN GENERAL, LIPIDS IN THE ARCHAEAL MEMBRANE LACK FATTY ACIDS.
SOME MEMBRANE PROTEINS ARE INVOLVED IN BIOENERGETIC FUNCTIONS, WHILE OTHERS ARE INVOLVED IN
MEMBRANE TRANSPORT.
TEICHOIC ACIDS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH GRAM-NEGATIVE CELL WALLS.
LYSOZYME IS AN ENZYME THAT BREAKS 1,4-GLYCOSIDIC BONDS IN PEPTIDOGLYCAN.
PORINS ARE CHANNELS IN THE WALL OF GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA.
SURFACE/VOLUME RATIO IS HIGHER IN LARGER CELLS THAN IN SMALLER CELLS.
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