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RESEARCH REPORT 2007-2011 Northern Network Colorectal Surgical Service Introduction Located across three University of Adelaide teaching hospitals, the Northern Network Colorectal Surgical Service is unique in Australia. In 2000, the surgeons working within the Colorectal Units at the Royal Adelaide Hospital, Lyell McEwin Hospital and The Queen Elizabeth Hospital formed a collaborative partnership - the Northern Network Colorectal Surgical Service. This unique partnership has successfully facilitated the production of high quality, internationally published research and a multidisciplinary approach to ongoing clinical education and development. The core membership is comprised of surgical and research personnel affiliated with SA Health and The University of Adelaide. However, an inclusive approach to research and training provides opportunities for medical students and trainees, specialist nursing staff, and research students to be involved in the activities of the Northern Network Colorectal Surgical Service. Meeting on a regular basis provides a forum for the discussion of topical and current clinical concepts and issues, and the development and review of research activities. Members have been involved in both clinical and laboratory-based research and have been based at the Basil Hetzel Institute for Medical Research, the Hanson Institute, the Colorectal Surgical Units, and the University of Adelaide Discipline of Surgery. 2012 Membership University of Adelaide staff Nick Rieger, FRACS, MS, Associate Professor David Rodda, FRACS, Senior Lecturer Jacqueline Stephens, MPH, Clinical Research Officer University of Adelaide affiliated staff Peter Hewett, FRACS, Clinical Professor Alex Karatassas, FRACS, Clinical Lecturer Andrew Luck, FRACS, MS, Clinical Senior Lecturer James Moore, FRACS, MS, Clinical Senior Lecturer Michelle Thomas, FRACS, PhD, Clinical Senior Lecturer SA Health members Andrew Hunter, FRACS Matthew Lawrence, FRACS Elizabeth Murphy, FRACS, PhD Matt Ryan, FRACS Darren Tonkin, FRACS Page 1 of 16 Research Chairperson The role of the research chairperson is central to the organisation and coordination of the research meetings of the Northern Network Colorectal Surgical Service. The chairperson, with the assistance of the research officer, is responsible for the agenda of any research meetings held and to ensure that the agenda items are both interesting and informative. Past & Present Chairpersons 2000-2007: A/Prof Nicholas Rieger 2008-2009: Mr Matt Lawrence 2010-2011: Prof Peter Hewett 2012-2013: Mr James Moore Current Grants $50,000 (2011-2012), CSSANZ, The Wait Study, JWE Moore $229,250 (2005-2007), NHMRC, The ALCCaS Trial, PJ Hewett Teaching The Northern Network Colorectal Surgical Service is involved in the training of both medical and research personnel. Each year the Colorectal Units across the three Northern Network Colorectal Surgical Service hospitals teach medical students, interns and surgical trainees. Postgraduate students enrolled in the Master of Surgery or Doctorate of Philosophy have completed their candidature. Several members of the team are lecturers at the University of Adelaide and supervise students undertaking research placements as part of the Master of Minimally Invasive Surgery and the Master of Surgical Science. Postgraduate Students PhD Candidates Sumi Krishnan, PhD candidate, 2007-2011, “The efficacy of local anaesthetic infiltrated at the incision site for post-operative pain management following abdominal surgery.” Dr Michelle Thomas, PhD, 2010, “Predictors of response to adjuvant chemotherapy for colorectal cancer.” Honours Candidates Olivia Corso, Honours, 2006, “Pilot study investigating the safety of 96h ropivacaine incision site infusion for post-operative pain management following right hemicolectomy.” Future Students The Northern Network Colorectal Surgical Service provides a unique research setting and a supportive learning environment. Students who are interested in pursuing a career in surgical and clinical research are encouraged to contact our team to discuss research opportunities. Further information can be found at: http://hdr.health.adelaide.edu.au/discipline/11//48 Page 2 of 16 Page 3 of 16 RESEARCH The Northern Network Colorectal Surgical Service has a long-standing history of high quality academic and industry-sponsored research. This is reflected by our history of publishing in internationally esteemed journals such as the British Journal of Surgery, Lancet and Annals of Surgery. Members of the Northern Network Colorectal Surgical Service conduct research in the following areas: Assessments of the safety and efficacy of new and/or emerging surgical and oncological interventions. Investigations into novel treatment options, including new investigational drugs and modifications to treatment regimens. The use of preoperative CT and PET scans for colorectal cancer staging. Improvements in postoperative care, including the application of fast track surgery. Quality of life improvements for patients with colorectal diseases, such as cancer, haemorrhoidal disease, anal fissure, and pelvic floor disorders. Our researchers have a history of successful competitive grant funding from the National Health & Medical Research Council and the Cancer Council of SA. Funding has also been received from research foundations, including the Colorectal Surgical Society of Australasia Research Foundation, Bowel Cancer Trust, and The Hospital Research Foundation. In the past, industry sponsored research and funding support has also been received from companies such as Covidien Healthcare, Johnson & Johnson Ethicon, Orphan Australia and Wyeth Consumer Healthcare. Our research has been presented at leading national and international surgical conferences and our members have been invited guest speakers on a range of speciality topics, including minimally invasive surgical techniques, cancer treatment and incontinence issues. ALaCaRT Investigators: Peter Hewett, Darren Tonkin, Andrew Luck Photo: Basil Popowycz, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital ALaCaRT is a multicentre, Australian phase III randomised clinical trial to compare the use of laparascopic-assisted resection to open resection for rectal cancer. This study is sponsored and coordinated by the Sydney-based Australasian Gastro-Intestinal Trials Group, NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, and The University of Sydney. The study commenced recruitment in 2011 with the Queen Elizabeth and Lyell McEwin Hospitals participating as study sites. Designed as a non-inferiority study, the aim of ALaCaRT is to determine whether laparoscopicassisted resection is as safe and effective as the current standard open rectal cancer resection. The study will also assess patient recovery and morbidity, disease-free survival and cancer recurrence rates, and patient quality of life. ANZCTR No. ACTRN12609000663257 Funding Source: 2011-2013, NHMRC APP1009973, $932,568 Page 4 of 16 WAIT Study Investigators: James Moore, Sudarsha (“Sid”) Selva-Nayagam, Scott Carruthers Co-Investigators: Peter Hewett, Tim Price, Andrew Luck The WAIT Study is a multicentre, randomised clinical trial that will assess the safety and efficacy of a modified preoperative chemotherapy regimen for locally advanced rectal cancer. This study has resulted from a broad collaboration between the NORTHERN NETWORK COLORECTAL SURGICAL SERVICE surgeons and the oncology staff located across the Lyell McEwin, Royal Adelaide, and The Queen Elizabeth Hospitals. The objective of the WAIT Study is to assess whether the administration of additional chemotherapy during the period between preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and the surgical resection of the rectal cancer results in oncological benefits. The complete clinical response, complete pathological response and disease control associated with this treatment modification are the main outcomes of the study. ANZCTR No. ACTRN12611000339954 Funding Sources: 2011-2012, CSSANZ, $50,000 Parastomal Hernia Prevention Trial Investigators: Andrew Luck Elizabeth Murphy When a patient has to undergo the extensive removal of their lower rectum, they are often left with a permanent colostomy. Photo: Grant Cochrane, freedigitalphotos.net Patients who have permanent colostomies live full and active lives, however, there can be complications. The most common longterm complication is the development of hernia at the site of the colostomy, a "parastomal hernia”. While many of these hernias do not cause any problems, for some patients they can be painful, unsightly, and can lead to problems including bowel obstruction and maintenance issues; and these hernias are difficult to treat once they develop. In 2007, we commenced a randomised clinical trial to assess the safety and efficacy of implanting prophylactic mesh around the colostomy site in the prevention of parastomal herniae. The study aims to evaluate the formation of clinically and radiologically apparent parastomal herniae, impact of operating time and length of hospital stay, and the short-term and long-term complications associated with the procedure. Funding Source: None Page 5 of 16 REGIONAL RESEARCH Research is currently being conducting throughout the Northern Network Colorectal Surgical Service on the following topics: An investigation into the role of endoanal ultrasound in management of obstetric anal sphincter injury. Investigators: Donna Coates (RN), Elizabeth Murphy. Peripoperative anaemia management with intravenous iron in abdominal surgery. Investigators: Elizabeth Murphy, Bernd Froessler (Anaesthetist), Raj Singh (Gastroenterologist). Gene expression analysis in pre-cancerous colorectal lesions. Investigators: Elizabeth Murphy, Andrew Ruszkewicz (Pathologist), Raj Singh and William Tam (Gastroenterologists). Sex differences in mechanisms that promote colorectal cancer. Investigators: Elizabeth Murphy, Jacqui Adams (Oncologist), A/Prof Vicki Clifton (Robinson Institute). Long-term Quality of life of anal SCC patients after radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. Investigators: Peter Hewett, Jacqueline Stephens, Jonathon Yong (Surgical Trainee). Single centre, pilot study, randomised control trial comparing Doppler guided haemorrhoid artery ligation versus rubber band ligation for 2nd and 3rd degree haemorrhoids presenting with per rectal bleeding. Investigators: Peter Hewett, Jacqueline Stephens, Maree Weston (Surgical Trainee). The WarmUp Study: Does surgical warm-up improve the performance of laparoscopic surgery? Investigators: Peter Hewett, Jacqueline Stephens, Maree Weston (Surgical Trainee). The prognostic significance of lymph node yield amongst paitents with rectal cancer receiving long course preoperative radiotherapy. Investigators: Nick Rieger, Jacqueline Stephens, Samson Tou (MMIS student). Awareness of the cost, safety and efficacy of disposable and reusable instruments used in Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) among various categories of surgical staff. Investigators: Peter Hewett, Jacqueline Stephens, Ravindran Odayappan (MMIS student). Clinico-pathological features and adjuvant chemotherapy in Stage II colon cancer. Investigators: Szelin Peng, Michelle Thomas, Andrew Ruskiewicz (Pathologist), Matthew Lawrence, Andrew Hunter, James Moore. Colorectal stenting for malignant obstruction: an eight year clinical experience. Investigators: Hanu Chouhan, James Moore, Andrew Hunter. Page 6 of 16 PREVIOUS RESEARCH The ALCCaS Trial Investigators: Peter Hewett, Nick Rieger, Andrew Luck In the late 1990s, the short and long term benefits and satisfactory surgical oncological treatment of colon cancer with laparoscopic-assisted resection was topical. A lack of evidence lead to the collaboration of a group of Australian and New Zealand surgeons to conduct a multicentre, prospective, randomised clinical trial to assess the safety and efficacy of this technique. The Northern Network Colorectal Surgical Service was one of the primary Australian study sites for the ALCCaS Trial with Professor Peter Hewett, located at The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, taking on the role of the Australian principal investigator. Ultimately, of the patients recruited into the study, 183 (30.5%) patients were recruited by five surgeons across the Northern Network Colorectal Surgical Service. ANZCTR No. ACTRN012605000103662 Funding Sources: 2002-2004, NHMRC ID 207815, $495,000 2005-2007, NHMRC ID 349381, $229,250 1998-2001, Johnson & Johnson Medical, $150,000 Key Publication: Hewett PJ, Allardyce RA, Bagshaw PF, Frampton CM, Frizelle FA, Rieger NA, Smith SJ, Solomon MJ, Stephens JH, Stevenson ARL. Short-term outcomes of the Australasian, randomized, clinical study comparing laparoscopic and conventional open surgical treatments of colon cancer: The ALCCaS Trial. Ann Surg. 2008 Nov; 248(5):728-38. VSL#3TM Trial Investigators: Peter Hewett, Jacqueline Stephens The standard approach for mid and low rectal cancers is sphincter saving surgery with the resultant anastomosis protected with a temporary loop ileostomy. However, once this ileostomy is reversed and bowel continuity restored, many patients experience disordered bowel symptoms, including diarrhoea and urgency. The purpose of this clinical trial was to assess the efficacy of a probiotic in improving patient‟s bowel function following ileostomy closure. Between March 2005 and April 2008, we conducted a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised clinical. From across the Northern Network Colorectal Surgical Service hospitals, 63 patients were enrolled into the study. The patient‟s bowel symptoms and quality of life were documented throughout the 4-week treatment regimen. This research found that the use of the TM probiotic preparation, VSL#3 , did not alter the postoperative bowel function of patients undergoing loop ileostomy reversal. ANZCTR No. ACTRN12610000932066 Funding Source: 2005-2008, Orphan Australia, study product Key Publication: Stephens JH, Hewett PJ. Clinical Trial Assessing VSL#3 for The Treatment Of Anterior Resection Syndrome. ANZ J Surg. [accepted] Page 7 of 16 Predictors of response to adjuvant chemotherapy for colorectal cancer Investigator: Michelle Thomas Supervisors: James Moore, Peter Hewett It is well recognized that not all patients with stage C colorectal cancer (CRC) derive a survival benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. It would therefore be advantageous to identify factors that define a target group for treatment. It has been suggested that those most likely to benefit are women with proximal tumours. Recent work has suggested microsatellite instability (MSI) may be a useful marker however the limited studies performed are conflicting. The aim of this research was to determine if gender, site, tumour histology or microsatellite (MSI) status predict survival benefit from 5FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy in stage C CRC. Data was collated on stage C colorectal cancer cases that underwent curative resection over a 20-year period (inclusive of years prior to standard chemotherapy). Pathology was re-evaluated, DNA extracted from the formalin fixed paraffin specimen and MSI status established. Primary endpoint was cancer-related death. Kaplan-Meier curves were constructed for univariate analysis and differences analysed by log rank test. Multivariate analysis was performed using Cox proportional hazard model adjusting for age, gender, site, distinct pathological variables and MSI. A compounding effect between these factors and chemotherapy benefit was measured by interaction testing. A total of 811 unselected cases were included in the study. Thirty-seven percent received chemotherapy. Chemotherapy significant improved cancer-specific survival (HR of dying 0.66 (95% CI 0.52-0.83 p=0.0003). Female gender offered a survival advantage overall (HR 0.81 95% CI 0.68-0.97; p=0.02) however site did not influence outcome (HR 1.03). On interaction testing, gender, site and tumour histology did not significantly influence the survival effect of chemotherapy. 802 cases were included in the MSI analysis of which 77 exhibited MSI. MSI status did not influence prognosis (HR of cancer death 1.45, 95% CI 0.90-2.21; p= 0.13). However, in the nonchemotherapy cohort, MSI conferred a significantly less favourable outcome (HR 1.89, 95%CI 1.13-3.16; p= 0.02). Chemotherapy produced a survival benefit in both the MSI (HR 0.08 95% CI 0.02-0.27; p=<0.0001) and the microsatellite stable (MSS) cohort (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.47-0.81; p=0.001). On interaction testing, neither compounded the benefit of chemotherapy, however of all the tested parameters, MSI came closest to significance (p=0.08). The results of this research suggest that 5FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy for stage C colorectal cannot be targeted using gender, tumour site, histological characteristics or MSI. Funding Sources: 2003-2005, Faculty of Health Sciences Divisional scholarship 2003-2005, University of Adelaide Department of Surgery Scholarship Page 8 of 16 The Efficacy of Local Anaesthetic Infiltrated at the Incision Site for PostOperative Pain Management Following Abdominal Surgery Investigator: Sumithra Krishnan Supervisors: Peter Hewett, Ray Morris, Alex Karatassas The application of continuous local anaesthetic infiltration for patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery had not been previously examined. In 2007, a prospective, randomised, doubleblind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was commenced to investigate the safety and efficacy of the use of a commercial infiltration device in patients undergoing either open or laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Eligible patients, who consented to participate, were randomised (2:1) to receive a continuous infiltration of either levobupivacaine or placebo (saline) for the first 96-hours post-operation. At the end of surgery an ON-Q® PainBuster with a SilverSoakerTM catheter was inserted in the pre-peritoneal layer. All patients had opioids available via patient-controlledanalgesia for break-through pain. The primary outcome measured was total opioid consumption. Secondary outcomes included pain scores, 30-day morbidity and mortality, time to bowel movement, mobilisation and length of hospitalisation. A total of 81 patients were recruited: 55 in the levobupivacaine group (31 laparoscopic, 24 open) and 26 in the placebo group (20 laparoscopic, 6 open). This study found that there was no difference in opioid consumption or pain scores between the levobupivacaine and placebo groups for laparoscopic surgery. However, in patients having open surgery, the levobupivacaine treatment showed a trend towards reduced total opioid consumption. There was no difference in time to bowel function, mobilisation, and hospitalisation between both groups. Therefore, the authors concluded that continuous local anaesthetic infiltration may be more beneficial in open surgery. ANZCTR No. ACTRN12607000439448 Funding Sources: 2008-2010, Adelaide University Divisional Scholarship, $21,000pa Photo: Sura Nualpradid, freedigitalphotos.net 2008-2010, Iflow Corp (USA) and Surgical Specialities (Aust), study product 2011, University of Adelaide Student Travel Grant, $3,000 Page 9 of 16 RECENT PUBLICATIONS Accepted, yet to be published Hanu Chouhan, Moore J, Hunter A. Colorectal stenting for malignant obstruction: an eight year clinical experience. [accepted] Hewett PJ. Does Laparoscopic Colectomy Have a Higher Intraoperative Complication Rate Than Open Colectomy? Ann Surg. 2010 Jan [Epub ahead of print] Rieger N. Single incision laparoscopic (SIL) assisted colectomy. In: Solomon MJ, O„Connell R, th Madoff R (Eds). Operative Surgery of the Colon, Rectum and Anus. 6 edition. Hodder Arnold; 2012. [in press] Stephens JH, Hewett PJ. Clinical trial assessing VSL#3 for the treatment of Anterior Resection Syndrome. ANZ J Surg. [accepted] 2011 Allardyce RA, Bagshaw PF, Frampton CM, Frizelle FA, Hewett PJ, Rieger NA, Smith JS, Solomon MJ, Stevenson AR; Australasian Laparoscopic Colon Cancer Study Group. Ethical issues with the disclosure of surgical trial short-term data. ANZ J Surg. 2011 Mar;81(3):125-131. Field K, Platell C, Rieger N, Skinner I, Wattchow D, Jones I, Chen F, Kosmider S, Wohlers T, Hibbert M, Gibbs P. Lymph node yield following colorectal cancer surgery. ANZ J Surg. 2011 Apr;81(4):266-271 Hewett P, Lu CT. Bowel Cancer. In: Wichmann MW, Borgstrom DC, Caron NR, Maddern G. (Eds). st Rural Surgery: Challenges and solutions for the rural surgeon. 1 Ed. London: Springer; 2011:245250. Hewett P. Rectal Cancer. In: Wichmann MW, Borgstrom DC, Caron NR, Maddern G. (Eds). Rural st Surgery: Challenges and solutions for the rural surgeon. 1 Ed. London: Springer; 2011:251-254. Rieger N. Stoma Surgery. In: Wichmann MW, Borgstrom DC, Caron NR, Maddern G. (Eds). Rural st Surgery: Challenges and solutions for the rural surgeon. 1 Ed. London: Springer; 2011:255-258. Norwood MG, Stephens JH, Hewett PJ. The nursing and financial implications of laparoscopic colorectal surgery: data from a randomized controlled trial. Colorectal Dis. 2011 Nov;13(11):13031307. 2010 Allardyce RA, Bagshaw PF, Frampton CM, Frizelle FA, Hewett PJ, Rieger NA, Smith JS, Solomon MJ, Stevenson AR; Australasian Laparoscopic Colon Cancer Study Group. Australasian Laparoscopic Colon Cancer Study shows that elderly patients may benefit from lower postoperative complication rates following laparoscopic versus open resection. Br J Surg. 2010 Jan;97(1):86-91. Lu CT, Stephens JH, Rieger NA. Factors Influencing Medical Oncology Referral in Dukes‟ C Colonic Cancer. Asia Pac J Clin Onc. 2010 Sep;6(3):191-6. Hyman N, Moore J, Cataldo P, Osler T. The high yield of 1-year colonoscopy after resection: is it the handoff? Surg Endosc. 2010 Mar;24(3):648-652. Liren L, Fang Y, Pan ZZ, Wu XJ, Wan DS, Hardingham JE, Rieger N. Length of lymphangiogensis in the rectal tissues distal to rectal cancer. Tumour Biol. 2010 Dec;31(6):667-671. Page 10 of 16 Olakkengil SA, Norwood MG, Strickland AD, Behnia-Willison F, Mohan Rao M, Hewett PJ. Perspectives of laparoscopic donors toward a new procedure: transvaginal donor nephrectomy. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2010 Dec;20(10):803-806. Rieger NA, Lam FF. Single-incision laparoscopically assisted colectomy using standard laparoscopic instrumentation. Surg Endosc. 2010 Apr;24(4):888-890. Stephens JH, Rieger NA, Farmer KC, Bell SW, Hooper JE, Hewett PJ. Implantation of ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer for faecal incontinence management ANZ J Surg. 2010 May;80(5):324330. Strickland AD, Norwood MG, Behnia-Willison F, Olakkengil SA, Hewett PJ. Transvaginal natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES): a survey of women's views on a new technique. Surg Endosc. 2010 Oct;24(10):2424-31. 2009 Ananda SS, Mc Laughlin SJ, Chen F, Hayes IP, Hunter AA, Skinner IJ, Steel MC, Jones IT, Hastie IA, Rieger NA, Shedda S, Compston DJ, Gibbs P. Initial impact of Australia‟s national bowel cancer screening program. Med J Aust 2009 Oct;191(7):378-381. Caruso M, Moore J, Goodall GJ, Thomas M, Phillis S, Tyskin A, Cheetham G, Lerda N, Takahashi H, Ruszkiewicz A. Over-expression of cathepsin E and trefoil factor 1 in sessile serrated adenomas of the colorectum identified by gene expression analysis. Virchows Arch. 2009 Mar;454(3):291302. Ciccocioppo A, Stephens JH, Hewett PJ, Rieger NA. Complete pathologic response after preoperative rectal cancer chemoradiotherapy. ANZ J Surg. 2009 Jun;79(6):481-484. 2008 Allardyce RA, Bagshaw PF, Frampton CM, Frizelle FA, Hewett PJ, Rieger NA, Smith S, Solomon MJ, Stevenson ARL. The Australian Laparoscopic Colon Cancer Study. ANZ J Surg. 2008 Oct;78(10):832-833. Allardyce RA, Bagshaw PF, Frampton CM, Frizelle FA, Hewett PJ, Rieger NA, Smith S, Solomon MJ, Stevenson ARL. Australian and New Zealand study comparing laparoscopic and open surgeries for colon cancer in adults: organization and conduct. ANZ J Surg. 2008 Oct;78(10):840847. Hewett PJ, Allardyce RA, Bagshaw PF, Frampton CM, Frizelle FA, Rieger NA, Smith S, Solomon MJ, Stephens JH, Stevenson ARL. Short-term outcomes of the Australasian randomized clinical study comparing laparoscopic and conventional open surgical treatments for colon cancer: the ALCCaS trial. Ann Surg. 2008 Nov;248(5);728-738. Kawakami K, Ooyama A, Ruszkiewicz A, Jin M, Watanabe G, Moore J, Oka T, Iacopetta B, Minamoto T. Low expression of gamma-glutamyl hydrolase mRNA in primary colorectal cancer with the CpG island methylator phenotype. Br J Cancer. 2008 May;98(9):1555-1561. Kosmider S, Jones IT, Hibbert M, Johns J, McLaughlin S, Hunter A, Chapman M, Gibbs P. Establishing a national colorectal cancer database: lessons learnt from Bio21-MMIM. ANZ J Surg. 2008 Sep;78(9):803–809. Page 11 of 16 Price T, Pittman K, Patterson W, Colbeck M, Rieger N, Hewett P, Rodda D, Townsend A, Maddern G, Luke C, Roder D. Management and survival trends in advanced colorectal cancer. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 2008 Oct;20(8):626-630. Rieger NA. How to treat: Faecal Incontinence. Australian Doctor. Feb 2008 Roberts-Thomson IC, Tucker GR, Hewett PJ, Cheung P, Sebben RA, Khoo EE, Marker JD, Clapton WK. Single-center study comparing computed tomography colonography with conventional colonoscopy. World J Gastroenterol. 2008 Jan 21;14(3):469-473. Stephens JH, Moore JW. Can targeted intervention in CRC patients' relatives influence screening behaviour? A pilot study. Colorectal Dis. 2008 Feb;10(2):179-186. Sturm LP, Windsor JA, Cosman PH, Cregan P, Hewett PJ, Maddern GJ. A systematic review of skills transfer after surgical simulation training. Ann Surg. 2008 Aug;248(2):166-179. Tan PY, Stephens JH, Rieger NA, Hewett PJ. Laparoscopically assisted colectomy; a study of risk factors and predictors of open conversion. Surg Endosc. 2008 Jul;22(7):1708-1714. Wattchow D, Brookes S, Murphy E, DeFontgallard D, Costa M. Regional Variation in the Innervation of the Human Colon and Changes in Patients with Slow Transit Constipation. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2008 Dec;20(12):1298-1305. Yano H, Moran BJ, Cecil TD, Murphy EM. Cytoreductive Surgery and Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Peritoneal Mesothelioma. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2009 Sep;35(9):980-985. 2007 Corso OH, Morris RG, Hewett PJ, Karatassas A. Safety of 96-hour incision-site continuous infusion of ropivacaine for postoperative analgesia after bowel cancer resection. Ther Drug Monit. 2007 Feb;29(1):57-63. Iacopetta B, Grieu F, Phillips M, Ruszkiewicz A, Moore J, Minamoto T, Kawakami K. Methylation levels of LINE-1 repeats and CpG island loci are inversely related in normal colonic mucosa. Cancer Sci. 2007 Sep;98(9):1454-1460. Kichenadasse G, Zakaria J, Rodda DJ, Hewett PJ, Rieger NA, Stephens JH, Pittman K, Patterson K, Borg M, Price TJ. Squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal at The Queen Elizabeth Hospital: A local experience. Asia Pac J Clin Onc. 2007 Dec;3(4):214-218. Kumar A, Hewett PJ. Fast-track or laparoscopic colorectal surgery? ANZ J Surg. 2007 Jul;77(7):517-518. Lee JS, Rieger NA, Stephens JH, Hewett PJ, Rodda DJ, Lawrence MJ. Six-year prospective analysis of the rectal bleeding clinic at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia. ANZ J Surg. 2007 Jul;77(7):553-556. Murphy EM, Sexton R, Moran BJ. Early Results of Surgery in 123 Patients with Pseudomyxoma Peritonei From a Perforated Appendiceal Neoplasm. Dis Colon Rectum. 2007 Jan;50(1):37-42. Murphy EMA, DeFontgalland D, Wattchow DA, Brookes SJH, Costa M. Quantification of Subclasses of Human Colonic Myenteric Neurones by Immunoreactivity to Hu, Choline Acetyltransferase and Nitric Oxide Synthase. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2007 Feb;19(2):126-134. Page 12 of 16 Rieger NA, Barnett FS, Moore JW, Ananda SS, Croxford M, Johns J, Gibbs P. Quality of pathology reporting impacts on lymph node yield in colon cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2007 Feb;25(4):463-464. Watt AM, Faragher IG, Griffin TT, Rieger NA, Maddern GJ. Self-expanding metallic stents for relieving malignant colorectal obstruction: a systematic review. Ann Surg. 2007 Jul;246(1):24-30. Page 13 of 16 Further information: Northern Network Colorectal Surgical Service Level 6, Main Building, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital 28 Woodville Road, Woodville South SA 5011 Postal Address Northern Network Colorectal Surgical Service Discipline of Surgery, The University of Adelaide The Queen Elizabeth Hospital 28 Woodville Road, Woodville South SA 5011 Telephone: (08) 82228482 | Facsimile: (08) 82226028 Web: health.adelaide.edu.au/surgery/nncss/ Disclaimer: The information contained within this booklet is correct at the time of printing, November 2011.