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CHAPTER 4-THE COLONIES DEVELOP 1700-1753 Lesson 1-New England: Commerce and Religion Vocabulary Backcountry-an area of land that ran along the Appalachian mountains into the west Latitude-the distance north and south of the equator Subsistence farming-when farmers grow enough food for themselves and maybe a little extra to trade with others Triangular trade-any trading route with three stops Navigation Acts-laws passed by the English government/they wanted to make sure that they made money when the colonists traded Overview of Lesson 1 Between 1700 and 1750 England’s colonies in North America doubled in size twice 3 different regions-The New England Colonies, the Middle Colonies and the Southern Colonies Another area was called the Backcountry New England had long winters and fertile soil. The English were the largest group settled there Middle Colonies had shorter winters and fertile soil so it made farming easier. Settlers from all over Europe settled here. Southern Colonies had warm weather and good soil. Some settlers used slaves to work their plantations. The Backcountry climate and resources varied. Many Scottish and Irish people settled there. Most people were farmers. Most New England farmers lived near a town. Farming was hard but fishing was good. New England settlers traded goods three ways CHAPTER 4-THE COLONIES DEVELOP 1700-1753 o With each other o Directly with Europe o With other countries England wanted to make money from the colonists’ trading so they made rules o Colonists had to use English ships made in English colonies o Some products could only be sold to England or its colonies o Any goods shipped to England were taxed The Puritan religion started to become less popular and other religions were becoming more popular. Lesson 2-The Middle colonies: Farms and Cities Vocabulary Grist-another name for grain like wheat or rye Cash crops-things grown to raise money like fruits, vegetables and grain Gristmill-where farmers took their grain to be ground into flour Diversity-a variety of things, most often used to describe people (English, Irish, Native American, etc) Artisans-people who made things (ironworkers, glassblowers, sewers) Conestoga wagons-wagons that carried things to town to sell/built by German people Overview of Lesson 2 Dutch German farmers came to this area. Farmers took their grain to the gristmill to make flour or trade it for other goods. People ate a lot of bread and grain. Philadelphia was the fastest growing city in the area. The Middle colonies were very diverse-a lot of people from different countries in Europe. CHAPTER 4-THE COLONIES DEVELOP 1700-1753 There was little slavery in this area and this area was more tolerant of people with different religions or beliefs. Lesson 3-The Southern Colonies: Plantations and Slavery Vocabulary Indigo-a plant that gives us dark blue dye Eliza Lucas-she introduced indigo as plantation crop Tyrant-a very mean ruler Overseers-men hired by plantation owners to watch over the slaves Stono Rebellion-happened in September of 1739/some slaves got together and killed many plantation owners and their families Overview of Lesson 3 This area has an almost year-round growing season. They grew tobacco, rice and indigo. The Southern colonies used slaves. Some treated their slaves well and others didn’t. Plantation owners used overseers to look after the slaves and make sure they were working. The Stono Rebellion happened in 1739. Twenty slaves killed some plantation families and wanted other slaves to join them. They didn’t like the way they were being treated. Lesson 4-The Backcountry Vocabulary Appalachian Mountains –mountain range that starts in Canada and goes down to Alabama Buck-an adult male deer Fall line-where waterfalls stop boats from going up the river CHAPTER 4-THE COLONIES DEVELOP 1700-1753 Piedmont-the plateau that leads you to the bottom of a mountain range Clan-a large group of families Overview of Lesson 4 Settlers started to move into the Backcountry. It provided lots of water and forests for lumber. Europeans traded with the Native Americans in the area. The Native Americans got mad at the settlers because they kept on taking their land. Scots-Irish people came from Scotland and England. They formed clans or groups of families with common relatives. Back country farmers depended on themselves. The Native Americans and English settlers fought against each other.