Download Name: Date: Section

Name:
Date:
Section:
Ms. Mallon CDW
Key vocabulary to know:
Classification: Grouping similar things together
Kingdom: Large groups
Eubacteria: Known as the true bacteria, they are unicellular and do not have a nucleus
Archaebacteria: Ancient bacteria. Unicellular with no nucleus.
Fungi: Absorbs nutrients. Most are multi-cellular. Includes mold, yeast, mildews.
Genus: A subdivision of a family
Species: A unique kind of organism
Vertebrate: An organism with a backbone
Invertebrate: An organism without a backbone
Mammal: Warm blooded vertebrates that nurse their young, have live births, and have hair or fur.
Reptile: Dry scaly, skin, and lay eggs.
Amphibian: Animals that are born in water, live on land, and return to the water to lay eggs. They are
cold blooded vertebrates with smooth skin.
Fish: Vertebrates that are cold blooded, have scales, and have gills that absorb oxygen dissolved in
water.
Birds: Warm blooded vertebrates that have wings and feathers, and lay eggs.
Vascular: Plants with transport tubes that carry water and nutrients.
Nonvascular: Plants without transport tubes.
Ideas and concepts to know:
What is classification? How is it useful to scientists?
Classification is the process of grouping similar things together. This is useful in studying how living
things are alike, and how they are different.
What are the six kingdoms? Give details and examples of each one.
Animals:
All animals are multi-cellular (made up of more than one cell) and cannot make their own food. There
are many kinds of animals, fish, dogs, birds, horses, crabs, etc.
Protists:
Most protists are unicellular and have a nucleus. In fact, some of these organisms kind of act like
animals and some kind of act like plants. Members of the protist kingdom include algae and kelp.
Plants:
Members of this kingdom can go through photosynthesis, the process turning energy from the sun into
sugar (food). Therefore, plants can make their own food. Plants are also multi-cellular. Trees, roses,
mosses, and carrots are all examples of living things that belong to the plant kingdom. Plants can be
vascular or nonvascular.
Fungi:
This kingdom includes yeast, molds, mushrooms, and mildews. Most fungi are multi-cellular except
yeast, which is unicellular (made up of one cell). Fungi live exclusively by absorbing nutrients.
Archaebacteria:
This kingdom also includes bacteria. They are unicellular and do not have a nucleus. Most biologists
believe that the first things living on Earth were probably similar to today’s bacteria. Another cool thing
about this group of organisms is that they are adapted to almost any type of environment, even if it is
extreme (hot, cold, salty, etc). Bacteria are just about everywhere on Earth!
Ex: hot boiling water
Eubacteria:
Members of this kingdom are known as true bacteria. They are unicellular and do not have a nucleus. A
cool thing about this bacteria is that they can live inside you! Some examples include e-coli (lives in your
intestines), staphylococcus (lives on your skin) and streptococcus (lives on your skin and in your throat).
Not all bacteria are bad for you. Some bacteria, like those found in yogurt, are actually good for you.
Examples: in yogurt, strep throat
What two characteristics do scientists look at when deciding what kingdom to place a new species in?
1. How they obtain their food
2. If they are unicellular or multi-cellular
Compare and contrast vascular and nonvascular plants, give an example of each from your textbook.
Vascular plants: have transport tubes that carry food and water. Examples: trees
The tree grows tall because of the tubes that carry food and water to all parts. Vascular plants produce
flowers or cones.
Nonvascular plants: do not have tubes that carry food and water. They absorb water directly through
their cells. Examples are mosses.
Compare and contrast vertebrates and invertebrates. Give an example of each.
Vertebrates: Have a backbone. A monkey, a human, a dog
Invertebrates: Do not have a backbone. Example: A spider, a lobster, a butterfly
Define and describe mammals. Give an example.
Mammals are warm blooded vertebrates that nurse and care for their young, and give birth to live
young. They have fur or hair.
Examples: humans, whales, horses, dogs
Define and describe amphibians. Give an example.
Cold blooded vertebrate, live part of their lives on land and part in water. Return to water to lay eggs.
Examples: Toads, salamanders, frogs
Define and describe fish. Give an example.
Three categories of fish: Jawless, cartilaginous, and bony fish.
Cold blooded vertebrates, live in water, most have fins. All breath through gills.
Example: goldfish, angel fish, clown fish
Define and describe birds. Give an example.
Warm blooded vertebrates with feathers and wings. Four chambered heart, build nests, lay eggs, and
take care of their young.
When weather turns cold many migrate to warmer areas.
Examples: pigeons, blue jays, hawks, eagle, seagull
Define and describe reptiles. Give an example.
Cold blooded vertebrates with dry, scaly, skin. Most lay eggs on land.
4 main types: turtles, snakes ,crocodiles and alligators, and lizards
Define and describe mollusks. Give an example.
Include soft bodied animals such as the octopus and squid. Some mollusks such as snails, clams, and
oyster have shells.
Define and describe arthropods. Give an example.
Largest phylum of invertebrates. They have jointed legs and two or more body segments. The joints and
segments let them move freely.
All arthropods have skeletons but it is on the outside of the body and is not made of bone. To grow an
arthropod must shed it’s skeleton and the skin produces a new slightly larger skeleton.
Several groups of arthropods: crustaceans, including crabs, lobsters, and shrimp. Many crustaceans
have claws, some have antennae on their head.
The largest class of arthropods is insects, which includes beetles, butterflies, mosquitoes, roaches, and
bees. Adult insects have six legs. They also have three body segments.
Spiders are arthropods but are not considered insects. They are arachnids, most of which have 8 legs.
This group also includes mites, ticks, and scorpions.
Define and describe echinoderms. Give an example.
Examples include starfish, sea urchins, and sand dollars. Most have body parts in multiples of five
(starfish has five legs). Many echinoderms have hard spines.
Define and describe worms. Give an example.
Roundworms- plentiful in the soil. You can’t tell their head from their tail.
Earthworms-have a head end and a tail end. Their bodies are divided into segments that look like rings.
Giant earthworms can grow to be several yards long.