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5/19 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. What are characteristics of birds? What are the different type of birds? What are characteristics of reptiles? How are crocodiles and alligators different? What adaptations do birds have for flight? How is a salamander different then frogs? What is a row of sense organs on a fish called? Vertebrates Phylum: Chordate Tunicate Lancelet All Vertebrates are chordates, BUT not all chordates are vertebrates Chordate Characteristics Notochord Gives the body structure May be replaced with a backbone Hollow Nerve cord Spinal cord in humans Pharyngeal Pouch Found in all embryos May turn into gill slits or other body parts Tail Broken into two groups: invertebrates and vertebrates Vertebrate Characteristics Have a backbone Have endoskeletons Bilateral symmetry Reproduce Sexually Ex. Fish, reptiles, amphibians, birds and mammals Fish Movement: fins Remove oxygen from the water with gills Cold Blooded Lateral Line system Reproduction: External, some are internal Lay eggs Jawless Three type of fish No bones- skeletons are made of cartilage Round, jawless mouths Ex. Hagfish and lamprey Cartilaginous No bones- skeletons are made of cartilage Jaw No swim bladder Ex. Sharks and rays Bony fish Skeletons are made of bone Swim bladder for buoyancy Ex. Flounder and trout Amphibians Means double life Cold blooded Thin moist skin Sexual reproduction most external fertilization Lay eggs in water Metamorphosis –Young have gills,have a tail live in water –Adults have lungs,no tail Live on land near water Two types Salamanders and newts Keep tails as adults Frogs and toads Fogs: smooth moist skin Toads: dry, bumpy skin Reptiles Cold blooded Have lungs Internal Reproduction Lay eggs on land Hard, leathery shell Amniotic eggs Three types Alligators and crocodiles Are carnivores Alligators- broad rounded snouts Crocodiles- narrow pointed snouts; teeth are visible when mouth is closed Turtles Have shells for protection Lizards and snakes: lizards lay eggs, snakes do not!! Warm blooded Birds Internal fertilization Lay eggs on land have amniotic fluid and a hard shell Nurture their young (take care of them) Only animal with feathers Down feathers- for insulation Contour feathers- stiff, streamlined for flight Flight Adaptations Feathers Lightweight body with hollow bones High metabolism (digest food quickly for energy) Diet consists of high protein Air sacs – store oxygen Strong flight muscles Four different types FlightlessUnable to fly- short wings Ex.Penguin, ostrich Water birds Good swimmers- webbed feet Ex. Ducks, geese Types cont. Birds of prey Talons, curved beak, good eyesight Ex. Hawk, owl, eagle Perching (Song Birds) Feet are adapted for branches Ex. Cardinal, blue jay Mammals Warm blooded Have hair or fur Have mammary glands –feed their young with milk Sexual reproduction Internal fertilization Nurture young Types of mammals (classified based on the way they develop) Monotremes Lay eggs Ex. Duckbill platypus, spiny anteater Marsupials Give birth to live young that are not well developed Young develop in pouch like structure in the mothers body Ex. Kangaroo, koala, opossum, wallabies, Tasmanian devil Placental mammals Give birth to live young that can function independently (develop within the mother’s body first) Placenta- where food,oxygen and wastes are exchanged between mother and child Placental mammals cont. Ex. Humans, bats, lions, seals, bears, manatees, elephants, monkeys, etc.
