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Sexually Transmitted Diseases 9th Grade Health What is an STD? • A sexually transmitted disease (STD), also known as sexually transmitted infection (STI) or venereal disease (VD), is an illness that has a significant probability of transmission between humans by means of human sexual behavior, including vaginal intercourse, oral sex, and anal sex. • While in the past, these illnesses have mostly been referred to as STDs or VDs, in recent years the term sexually transmitted infections (STIs) has been preferred, as it has a broader range of meaning; a person may be infected, and may potentially infect others, without showing signs of disease 3 Categories of STD’s •Viral •Bacterial •Parasitic Viral • Cannot be cured • Symptoms can be treated Examples: Flu, H1N1, Common Cold, Chicken Pox, Viral Pneumonia Bacterial • Most can be cured • Can be Treated Examples: Strep Throat, MRSA, EColi, Bacterial Pneumonia Parasitic • Can be cured • Symptoms can be treated • Sometimes can be visible to the naked eye Examples: Tape Worm, Malaria, Lice Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About Sexually Transmitted Infections Pediculosis (Pubic Lice) What Is It? • Also called "crabs," pubic lice are parasitic insects found in the genital area of humans. Infection is common and found worldwide. Transmission • By sexual skin to skin contact • By sharing clothes, towels, soap, bedding, or sleeping bags • By wearing an infected persons underwear • Pubic lice can live off of the body for 2448 hours Symptoms • Symptoms are the same for men and women • You may have itchiness and redness around your genitals. • Itching is often the worse at night • Tiny blood spots on underwear • It may take as long as two to three weeks or longer for a person to notice the intense itching associated with this infestation Treatment or Cure • Prescription or over-the-counter shampoo, lotion, or cream used by both partners simultaneously Trichomoniasis What Is It? • A sexually transmitted disease typically asymptomatic in men and resulting in vaginitis with a copious, frothy discharge and itching in women • This is a Parasite • Trichomoniasis is the most common curable STD in young, sexually active women. An estimated 7.4 million new cases occur each year in women and men. Transmission • By sexual contact • By infected moist towels and washcloths Symptoms • Greenish-yellow musty smelling discharge from the vagina • Itching, irritation, and redness of the vulva • Feeling of having to urinate frequently • Some women have no symptoms • Symptoms usually appear in women within 5 to 28 days of exposure Treatment or Cure • Antibiotics Gonorrhea What Is It? • A bacterial STD that often advances without symptoms to spread through the body and causing problems in many organs • This is a Bacteria • Gonorrhea is a very common infectious disease. CDC estimates that more than 700,000 persons in the U.S. get new gonorrheal infections each year. Transmission • By having unprotected vaginal, oral, or anal sex with a person who has gonorrhea • If untreated, it can spread to other areas of the body, especially the eyes of babies as they pass through the birth canal Symptoms • Males – Burning feeling while urinating – Pus drip from penis – 10% of males have no symptoms – Abdominal pain – Painful testicles – Can cause infertility • Females – Burning yellowish discharge from vagina – Painful menstruation – Abnormal vaginal bleeding – Many have no symptoms – Can Cause PID Treatment or Cure • Antibiotics for both males and females Chlamydia What Is It? • An infection of the reproductive tract, with or without symptoms • A frequent cause of ectopic pregnancy and pregnancy failure Chlamydia is the most frequently reported bacterial sexually transmitted disease in the United States. In 2008, 1,210,523 chlamydia infections were reported • This is a Bacteria Transmission • Unprotected vaginal or anal sex with a person who has chlamydia • Can lead to… – Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (fallopian tube infection) – Ectopic Pregnancies (pregnancy develops in fallopian tube) Symptoms Chlamydia is known as a "silent" disease because the majority of infected people have no symptoms. • Males – Watery or milky discharge from penis – Burning when urinating – Pain or swelling of the testicles • Females – Unusual discharge from the vagina – Bleeding between periods – Bleeding or pain during or after sex – Lower abdominal pain – Burning when urinating Treatment or Cure • Antibiotics for both males and females Syphilis What Is It? • A bacterial STD that, if untreated, advances from a sore (chancre, pronounced (Shang-ker)) to flu-like symptoms, then through a long symptomless period, and later to a final stage of irreversible brain and nerve damage, ending in death • This is a Bacteria Transmission • By having direct contact with a syphilis chancre sore during vaginal, oral, or anal sex. Symptoms • Symptoms are the same for men and women • Painless sores from pinpoint size to as large as a quarter • Flu-like symptoms, fever, fatigue, pain in the muscles and joints • Painless rash on hands, feet, or whole body • Hair loss • Swollen lymph nodes Treatment or Cure • Antibiotics for both males and females Human Papilloma Virus aka Genital Warts What Is It? • HPV is any of over 50 related viruses whose effects include genital warts and cervical cancer • Genital Warts are contagious wart-like growths on infected areas and caused by the HPV virus. • This is a Virus Transmission • Through direct skin to skin contact or unprotected vaginal, oral, or anal sex Symptoms • Symptoms are the same for men and women • Warts may be round, flat, or raised • Small cauliflower-like bumps that are flesh/gray colored • Warts can be single or in clusters • Warts found in the genital area Treatment or Cure • There is no cure for Genital Warts • Medication can be applied to the wart • Warts may be removed by laser surgery Genital Herpes What Is It? • A common, incurable STD caused by a virus that produces blisters. • The symptoms clear up on their own, but the virus remains to cause future outbreaks. Transmission • By direct contact with the sores or blisters of an infected person – Vaginal, anal, or oral sex – Mother –to-Child during birth • Cold sores are a form of herpes – Oral sex (cold sore comes in contact with someone's genitals) Symptoms • • • • • • Same for men and women Itching of the skin around the genitals Painful blisters around the genitals Burning during urination Flu-like symptoms Swollen glands in the groin Treatment or Cure There is no cure, however medication may help shorten or prevent herpes outbreaks Hepatitis What Is It? • A viral STD that causes loss of liver function and severe liver disease. • Hepatitis B is preventable, but not curable • This is a Virus Transmission • Contact with blood, semen, or vaginal secretions • Sexual contact • Pregnancy (infected mother to baby) • Use or re-use of needles with traces of the blood from an infected person Symptoms • 45-60 days after exposure – – – – – – Fever Nausea Weight Loss Skin Rash Swollen, Painful Joint Yellowing of the Skin or Whites of the Eyes Treatment or Cure • There is no cure but treatments are aimed at relieving symptoms • Seek the advice of your doctor Candidiasis (Yeast Infection) What Is It? • An infection caused by a yeast that multiplies out of control in the vagina • This is not considered an STD • This is a Fungus Transmission/Cause • Not always caused by sexual intercourse • Most often caused by antibiotics, birth control pills, perfumed products, and vaginal contraceptives Symptoms • Intense itching, irritation, and swelling of the outer genitals • White, lumpy vaginal discharge Treatment or Cure Over-the-Counter anti-fungal inserts and cream relieve some symptoms Urinary Tract Infection (UTI’s) What Is It? • Bacterial infections of the urethra that can travel to the bladder and kidneys • This is not an STD • This is a Bacteria Transmission/Cause • Occurs when bacteria invades the urinary tract • It is most often caused by sex • Improper wiping Symptoms • Frequent, urgent, and painful urination • Some people have cloudy urine. Typically it is foul smelling. There can also be blood in the urine. Treatment or Cure • Easily treated with antibiotics • Drinking Cranberry juice frequently can help reduce your chances of developing a urinary tract infection. • If untreated, infection of the bladder may progress to a possibly fatal infection of the kidneys Urinary Tract Infections Jock Itch (tinea cruris) What Is It? Jock itch gets its name because it is common in people who sweat a lot, as do athletes. • A fungal infection of the groin and inner thigh • This is not an STD • This is considered a Fungus Transmission/Cause • Occurs in athletes who sweat and do not change their clothes • Ringworm of the inner thigh and groin • Jock itch can spread from person to person by shared use of contaminated towels or clothing or through direct contact during sexual intercourse with someone who has the infection. Symptoms • Intense itching of the groin area • Flaking, peeling or cracking skin in your groin Treatment or Cure • For a mild case of jock itch, your doctor may suggest first using an over-the-counter antifungal ointment, lotion, powder or spray. • Stay dry • Do not share underwear or towels