Download Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About Sexually Transmitted

Sexually Transmitted Diseases
9th Grade
Health
What is an STD?
• A sexually transmitted disease (STD), also known as
sexually transmitted infection (STI) or venereal disease
(VD), is an illness that has a significant probability of
transmission between humans by means of human sexual
behavior, including vaginal intercourse, oral sex, and anal
sex.
• While in the past, these illnesses have mostly been referred
to as STDs or VDs, in recent years the term sexually
transmitted infections (STIs) has been preferred, as it has a
broader range of meaning; a person may be infected, and
may potentially infect others, without showing signs of
disease
3 Categories of STD’s
•Viral
•Bacterial
•Parasitic
Viral
• Cannot be cured
• Symptoms can be treated
Examples: Flu, H1N1, Common
Cold, Chicken Pox, Viral
Pneumonia
Bacterial
• Most can be cured
• Can be Treated
Examples: Strep Throat, MRSA, EColi, Bacterial Pneumonia
Parasitic
• Can be cured
• Symptoms can be treated
• Sometimes can be visible to the
naked eye
Examples: Tape Worm, Malaria,
Lice
Everything You Ever
Wanted to Know
About
Sexually Transmitted
Infections
Pediculosis
(Pubic Lice)
What Is It?
• Also called "crabs," pubic lice are parasitic
insects found in the genital area of humans.
Infection is common and found worldwide.
Transmission
• By sexual skin to skin contact
• By sharing clothes, towels, soap, bedding,
or sleeping bags
• By wearing an infected persons
underwear
• Pubic lice can live off of the body for 2448 hours
Symptoms
• Symptoms are the same for men and women
• You may have itchiness and redness around
your genitals.
• Itching is often the worse at night
• Tiny blood spots on underwear
• It may take as long as two to three weeks or
longer for a person to notice the intense itching
associated with this infestation
Treatment or Cure
• Prescription or over-the-counter
shampoo, lotion, or cream used by both
partners simultaneously
Trichomoniasis
What Is It?
• A sexually transmitted disease typically
asymptomatic in men and resulting in vaginitis
with a copious, frothy discharge and itching in
women
• This is a Parasite
• Trichomoniasis is the most common curable
STD in young, sexually active women. An
estimated 7.4 million new cases occur each year
in women and men.
Transmission
• By sexual contact
• By infected moist towels and washcloths
Symptoms
• Greenish-yellow musty smelling
discharge from the vagina
• Itching, irritation, and redness of the
vulva
• Feeling of having to urinate frequently
• Some women have no symptoms
• Symptoms usually appear in women
within 5 to 28 days of exposure
Treatment or Cure
• Antibiotics
Gonorrhea
What Is It?
• A bacterial STD that often advances
without symptoms to spread through the
body and causing problems in many
organs
• This is a Bacteria
• Gonorrhea is a very common infectious
disease. CDC estimates that more than
700,000 persons in the U.S. get new
gonorrheal infections each year.
Transmission
• By having unprotected vaginal, oral, or
anal sex with a person who has
gonorrhea
• If untreated, it can spread to other areas
of the body, especially the eyes of babies
as they pass through the birth canal
Symptoms
• Males
– Burning feeling
while urinating
– Pus drip from
penis
– 10% of males have
no symptoms
– Abdominal pain
– Painful testicles
– Can cause
infertility
• Females
– Burning yellowish
discharge from
vagina
– Painful
menstruation
– Abnormal vaginal
bleeding
– Many have no
symptoms
– Can Cause PID
Treatment or Cure
• Antibiotics for both males and females
Chlamydia
What Is It?
• An infection of the reproductive tract,
with or without symptoms
• A frequent cause of ectopic pregnancy
and pregnancy failure
Chlamydia is the most frequently reported
bacterial sexually transmitted disease in
the United States. In 2008, 1,210,523
chlamydia infections were reported
• This is a Bacteria
Transmission
• Unprotected vaginal or anal sex with a
person who has chlamydia
• Can lead to…
– Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (fallopian tube
infection)
– Ectopic Pregnancies (pregnancy develops in
fallopian tube)
Symptoms
Chlamydia is known as a "silent" disease because
the majority of infected people have no
symptoms.
• Males
– Watery or milky
discharge from penis
– Burning when
urinating
– Pain or swelling of
the testicles
• Females
– Unusual discharge from
the vagina
– Bleeding between periods
– Bleeding or pain during
or after sex
– Lower abdominal pain
– Burning when urinating
Treatment or Cure
• Antibiotics for both males and females
Syphilis
What Is It?
• A bacterial STD that, if untreated,
advances from a sore (chancre,
pronounced (Shang-ker)) to flu-like
symptoms, then through a long
symptomless period, and later to a final
stage of irreversible brain and nerve
damage, ending in death
• This is a Bacteria
Transmission
• By having direct contact with a syphilis
chancre sore during vaginal, oral, or anal
sex.
Symptoms
• Symptoms are the same for men and
women
• Painless sores from pinpoint size to as
large as a quarter
• Flu-like symptoms, fever, fatigue, pain in
the muscles and joints
• Painless rash on hands, feet, or whole
body
• Hair loss
• Swollen lymph nodes
Treatment or Cure
• Antibiotics for both males and females
Human
Papilloma Virus
aka
Genital Warts
What Is It?
• HPV is any of over 50 related viruses
whose effects include genital warts and
cervical cancer
• Genital Warts are contagious wart-like
growths on infected areas and caused by
the HPV virus.
• This is a Virus
Transmission
• Through direct skin to skin contact or
unprotected vaginal, oral, or anal sex
Symptoms
• Symptoms are the same for men and
women
• Warts may be round, flat, or raised
• Small cauliflower-like bumps that
are flesh/gray colored
• Warts can be single or in clusters
• Warts found in the genital area
Treatment or Cure
• There is no cure for Genital Warts
• Medication can be applied to the wart
• Warts may be removed by laser surgery
Genital Herpes
What Is It?
• A common, incurable STD caused by a
virus that produces blisters.
• The symptoms clear up on their own, but
the virus remains to cause future
outbreaks.
Transmission
• By direct contact with the sores or
blisters of an infected person
– Vaginal, anal, or oral sex
– Mother –to-Child during birth
• Cold sores are a form of herpes
– Oral sex (cold sore comes in contact with
someone's genitals)
Symptoms
•
•
•
•
•
•
Same for men and women
Itching of the skin around the genitals
Painful blisters around the genitals
Burning during urination
Flu-like symptoms
Swollen glands in the groin
Treatment or Cure
There is no cure, however medication
may help shorten or prevent herpes
outbreaks
Hepatitis
What Is It?
• A viral STD that causes loss of liver
function and severe liver disease.
• Hepatitis B is preventable, but not
curable
• This is a Virus
Transmission
• Contact with blood, semen, or vaginal
secretions
• Sexual contact
• Pregnancy (infected mother to baby)
• Use or re-use of needles with traces of the
blood from an infected person
Symptoms
• 45-60 days after exposure
–
–
–
–
–
–
Fever
Nausea
Weight Loss
Skin Rash
Swollen, Painful Joint
Yellowing of the Skin or Whites of the Eyes
Treatment or Cure
• There is no cure but treatments
are aimed at relieving
symptoms
• Seek the advice of your doctor
Candidiasis
(Yeast Infection)
What Is It?
• An infection caused by a yeast that
multiplies out of control in the vagina
• This is not considered an STD
• This is a Fungus
Transmission/Cause
• Not always caused by sexual intercourse
• Most often caused by antibiotics, birth
control pills, perfumed products, and
vaginal contraceptives
Symptoms
• Intense itching, irritation, and swelling of
the outer genitals
• White, lumpy vaginal discharge
Treatment or Cure
Over-the-Counter anti-fungal
inserts and cream relieve
some symptoms
Urinary Tract
Infection (UTI’s)
What Is It?
• Bacterial infections of the urethra that
can travel to the bladder and kidneys
• This is not an STD
• This is a Bacteria
Transmission/Cause
• Occurs when bacteria invades the
urinary tract
• It is most often caused by sex
• Improper wiping
Symptoms
• Frequent, urgent, and painful urination
• Some people have cloudy urine. Typically
it is foul smelling. There can also be
blood in the urine.
Treatment or Cure
• Easily treated with antibiotics
• Drinking Cranberry juice frequently
can help reduce your chances of
developing a urinary tract infection.
• If untreated, infection of the bladder
may progress to a possibly fatal
infection of the kidneys
Urinary Tract Infections
Jock Itch
(tinea cruris)
What Is It?
Jock itch gets its name because it is common
in people who sweat a lot, as do athletes.
• A fungal infection of the groin and inner
thigh
• This is not an STD
• This is considered a Fungus
Transmission/Cause
• Occurs in athletes who sweat and do not
change their clothes
• Ringworm of the inner thigh and groin
• Jock itch can spread from person to
person by shared use of contaminated
towels or clothing or through direct
contact during sexual intercourse with
someone who has the infection.
Symptoms
• Intense itching of the groin area
• Flaking, peeling or cracking skin
in your groin
Treatment or Cure
• For a mild case of jock itch, your
doctor may suggest first using an
over-the-counter antifungal
ointment, lotion, powder or spray.
• Stay dry
• Do not share underwear or towels