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Economic Contribution of Copyright-based Industries in Singapore: An Update 1. Objective This study aimed to: • Provide more current estimates of the copyrightbased industries in Singapore which could be salient inputs for policy planning in the public and private sectors; and • Enhance IP research in Singapore. 4. Industry Comparison Singapore’s copyright sector was dominated by three industries. Together, the interdependent copyright industry of computers & equipment, and the core copyright industries of software & databases and press & literature accounted for over 60% of the sector’s output, value added and employment (Figures 1, 2, and 3). The estimates covered an update of: • Indicators of the economic size of Singapore’s copyright-based activities in terms of output, value added and employment; • Foreign trade in copyrighted goods and materials; and • Linkages of core copyright industries with the rest of the Singapore economy as reflected in their direct and indirect economic impact on output, value added and employment, based on input-output methodology. 2. Introduction The first study on Singapore’s copyright-based industries utilizing the WIPO framework covered the period 1986-2001. This update extended the economic estimates and analysis to 2002-2004. The copyright activities in Singapore were grouped according to the WIPO’s four categories of: • core copyright industries which were fully engaged in the production and distribution of copyright works, e.g. press & literature, software & databases, motion pictures & video; • interdependent copyright industries which supported and facilitated the creation of copyrighted works, e.g. computers & equipment, TV sets & radios; • partial copyright industries for which a portion of activities were related to copyright works, e.g. furniture, architecture, jewelry & coins; and • non-dedicated support industries in which part of the activities were related to broadcast, communication, distribution and sale of copyright works, and encompassing general wholesale & retail, general transportation and telephony & internet. 3. Economic Contribution Table 1 highlighted the contribution of Singapore’s copyrightbased industries in 2004, which generated a combined: (a) output of S$30.8 billion; (b) value added of S$10.4 billion or 5.8% of GDP; and (c) employment for 122,700 workers or 5.9% of Singapore’s workforce. 5. Copyright Exports During 2000-2004, around 10-11% of copyright output was exported (Table 2). Of the 13 items of copyright exports, the single largest item was recorded computer tapes & disks, which constituted about 80% of exports of copyright goods. Growing rapidly were exports of recorded video tapes and recorded discs for reproducing sound media but their shares in copyright exports were small. 1 There was, however, no published official data on 2004 output of the Singapore economy. Compared to 2001, the shares of the copyright sector in GDP and employment in 2004 were each larger by 0.1% point. The relatively larger shares occurred mainly in 2002 when copyright real value added rose by 13.7% against the overall GDP increase of 4.2%, and employment expanded by 6.9% against Singapore’s workforce decline of 1.4%. But the group’s employment multiplier was lower in 2004 than in 2001 (Table 5). With regard to job generation, the music, theatrical productions & operas industry had the highest employment multiplier with every one million dollar of output requiring 27 workers. 6. Inter-Industrial Analysis of Core Copyright Sectors An inter-industrial analysis of the core copyright sub-sector indicated that the group of nine industries became more strongly linked to the Singapore economy between 2001 and 2004. The group showed greater output and value added multiplying effects in 2004, compared to 2001 (Tables 3 and 4). Three industries -- radio & television broadcasting, music, theatrical productions & operas, and motion pictures & video – possessed high output multipliers of 2. This implied that an increase in demand for one of the industries would stimulate the economy to expand output double the magnitude of that demand. In comparison, the core copyright sub-sector had an output multiplier of 1.777 and an employment multiplier of 11 workers per million of output. For more information, please visit www.ipacademy.com.sg Ms Chow Kit Boey, the principal investigator of the research project, can be contacted at [email protected]