Download The Roman Household and House

Art & Architecture of Pompeii
and Herculanium
House of Pansa
House of the Vettii
Villa of the mysteries
House of the Faun
“Harbour Scene from Stabiae
“the Lost Ram
“Perseus and Andromeda
“Death of Penthius
“The Trojan horse
Portrait of Terentius neo & wife
Dionysiac frieze villa of the Mysteries
Wall from Villa Publius Fannius Sinistor
Portrait of a Woman
Alexander Mosaic
Nilotic scene
“Sorceress & client
79AD DESTRUCTION
buried under 10m of ash and remained so for 1700 yrs.
A time capsule into the life of 1st century Romans in a holiday area
of Campania.
Pompeians didn’t become Roman citizens until 89BC and by
79AD
Roman culture overlay the earlier culture of the Osci and Samnite
tribes.
Greeks had occupied the southern part of Italy since 5th century BC
so there was an influence of Hellenism in Pompeii and
Herculanium.
PUBLIC BUILDINGS:
Temples, Basilicas (palaces). Fine decoration and architecture
PRIVATE BUILDINGS:
As today, homes reflected socio-economic status:
Poor lived in high rise apartments (Insulae)
in 4th century Rome there were 46000 of them housing more than ¾ of
a
million people.
In Pompei (pop 20,000) the poor lived in flats above shops and richer
houses.
Wealthy lived in Domus
(stand alone houses built around an open atrium – inward looking)
or luxurious villae (grand with seaviews, terrace, porticoes, large
windows) on
the outskirts of town or surrounding countryside overlooking the
bay of Naples.
The Elite Domus
• Typical elite houses evolved from Etruscan
atrium-style houses, with the addition of
Greek style peristyle (colonnaded) gardens.
• Usually were one floor, with a main
reception room (atrium) surrounded by
bedrooms (cubicula), dining room
(triclinium), record room/office (tablinum).
Palatine Hill, 6th c. BCE House
Upper rooms, often
sublet to tenants.
Impluvium - pool
directly below roof
opening
Triclinium – summer
dining room.
Exedra–outdoor
or eating
Peristylium –sitting
courtyard
Roof opening –
letting in light
(and rain)
with trees, fountains,
statues,
Horta surrounded
– garden by
columns (colonnade)
Oecus–spare room.
Culina – Kitchens
Tablinum –
Study.
The Roman domus
Atrium –
visitors room
Fauces – or
vestibulum
Triclinium –
dining room.
Cubiculum –
bedrooms
Taberna –
rented out shop
or workplace.
Outer Wall – Domus
was inward facing.
DOMUS
Sample Plan of a Roman House (Domus)
L
V
C
A
Ta
Tri
E
vestibulum
cubiculum/cubicula
atrium
tablinum
triclinium
exedra
T
L
Al
Cu
P
taberna
latrina
alae
culina
peristylium
The
Faucis
(entrance
way)
Pompeii, House Entrance
Entrance, House of Menander
House of Menander, View from
Fauces to Peristyle Garden
The Atrium
• Reception room, often with an opening in
the ceiling with an impluvium below.
• Contained the family gods (Lares and
Penates), imagines (masks of the ancestors),
symbolic marriage bed.
• Women of the house (or their slaves) may
have wool-worked there.
Atrium, House of the Silver
Wedding, Pompeii
The Lararium
Lararium
Bronze Lar, found in a SW
corner of an atrium, Pompeii
Herculaneum Lararium
contained lars (symbols or masks of ancestors), & penates (gods of the
household
Loom Reconstruction
The Tablinum
The Master’s Study
containing the family records
wax tablets (Tabulae)
the Household Safe (Arca)
Scrolls
House of the Faun Tablinum
Detail of the Mosaic Floor
Tabula and Writing Materials
Lucernae, Oil Lamps
Scrolls
in
Capsa
A tablinum wall-painting
The Culina
Roman Kitchen, Reconstruction
View of an Ancient Kitchen
Ancient Glassware
Roman
Cooking
Utensils in
Bronze
The Latrina
(Ancient Roman Toilet)
Fun on a cold morning!
Latrina Closeup
Cubicula (Bedrooms)
Roman Beds
Pompeii, House of the Centaur,
Cubiculum Reconstruction
Triclinium (Dining Room)
Pompeii, Triclinium
Dining Room - Summer
Pompeii, Candelabrum
Triclinium, The Dining Room
Triclinium
Roman Seating
Roman Marble Table
Pompeii, Bronze Table
Pompeii, Roman Glass
Roman Lamps
Roman Couches
Peristyle Court
Peristylium with Birdbath and Hortus
Peristylium with Piscina (Fish Pond)
Walled Peristylium
Outdoor Fountain
Frontal View
of the
Fountain and
Statue.
Note the
Intricate
Mosaic Work
O
D
u
o
t
o
r
L
a
r
a
r
i
u
m
Tintinnabulum, Pompeii
Villa at Boscoreale,
Reconstruction
Cubiculum, Boscoreale
Herculaneum 3 Storey House
Pompeii Street Plan
Pompeii Houses with Vesuvius
View
http://pompeya.desdeinter.net/pompeya.htm
Villa at Settefinestre
Settefinestre House Plan
Houses of the Poor
Poorer working people lived in rooms behind
or above their places of work.
The elite often rented out the front rooms of
their houses, on either side of the entrances,
for use as shops, workrooms, or restaurants,
often with living space included.
The lower classes also lived in apartment
buildings (insulae).
Insulae
Domus Romana