Download Matter Notes (Part 1)

Matter Notes (Part 1)
 Matter is anything that has mass and takes up
space.
 Matter is identified by its properties;
shape, size, color, mass, etc.
 There are two classifications of properties
- physical and chemical.
 Physical properties are used to observe
and describe matter
 For example, appearance, texture, color,
odor, melting point, boiling point, density,
solubility, polarity, and many others.
 There are two classifications of physical
properties - extensive and intensive.
 Extensive physical properties depend on
how much of the sample you have, like
mass and volume.
 Intensive physical properties do not
depend on how much of the sample you
have, they will still be the same.
 For example, the density of a piece of
copper is 8.92 g/cm3 whether you have a
little piece or if you have a truckload.
 Chemical properties describe the sample’s
ability to combine with or change into
other substances.
 If iron (an element - a substance)
combines with oxygen (an element - a
substance) it will form iron oxide (a
compound - a substance), which we
usually call rust.
With your 3 O’Clock partner, you have 1 minute to
classify each of the following properties as a
physical or chemical property. If it is a physical
property, also state if it is extensive or intensive.
You don’t have to write this down
Size
Density
Color
Flammable
•Corrosive
•Phase of Matter
 There are five phases or states of matter
 Solid, liquids, and gases are by far the most
common on earth, but plasmas (extremely
high electrical energy - like lightening bolts)
are the most common in the universe as all
stars are made up of plasma.
 The fifth phase does not occur naturally
anywhere in the universe and is still
undergoing research.
 Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume.
The atoms in a solid are usually packed very close
together and are often locked into a geometric
shape (crystal). The atoms can only vibrate a little.
 Liquids do not have a definite shape, but they
still have a definite volume. The atoms in a
liquid are still close together, but are free to
slide around each other - making them a fluid
(able to flow).
 Gases do not have a definite shape or a
definite volume. The atoms spread apart as
much as possible and move very fast.
 Plasmas are similar to gases, only instead of being
made of atoms it is made up of electrons.
 Just as there are two types of properties, there are
two types of changes matter can undergo - physical
and chemical.
Physical changes alter a substance without
changing its composition.
Common physical changes involve change in
shape and size - in other words, changes to a
physical property.
 Phase changes (solid to liquid to gas or
vice versa) are ALWAYS physical changes.
The composition of the substance does
not change, just how close the atoms are
to each other and how much they can
move.
 This includes melting, freezing,
evaporation, vaporizing (boiling), and
condensing.
Chemical changes alter the composition of a
substance. Thus chemical changes always
alter physical properties.
 Evidences of chemical changes include
changes in color, texture, odor, the
appearance or disappearance of a solid,
and possibly a change in magnetic ability.
 No matter which change occurs, at all times
the Law of Conservation of Matter must be
applied. If you rip a piece of paper into 4 parts,
the mass of all 4 parts must equal the mass of
the original piece of paper. Also, the mass of
all substances before a chemical change must
equal the mass of all new substances after the
chemical change.
 With your 9 O’clock partner
answer the following
 When burning a log in a fireplace,
you start with a large piece of
wood and get just a little bit of
ashes left over. If the law of
conservation of mass is true (and it
is), what happened to the rest of
the mass?
 Summarize the key points of the notes- you
have 3 minutes. (Basically think about things
we spent a lot of time on and things that stick
out in your head.) You can also write any
questions or things you are confused about
here.
 Glue notes to page 10