Download The Digestive System

The Digestive System
Digestive System
Alimentary canal
Accessory digestive organs
6 essential activities
Regulation (mechanical and chemical
stimuli)
Extrinsic control
Intrinsic control
Histology of the Alimentary Canal
Mucosa
3 functions
Consists of three layers: a lining epithelium, lamina propria, and
muscularis mucosae
The mucus secretions
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
Functions
Cells
Mucosa: Lamina Propria and Muscularis Mucosae
Lamina Propria
Muscularis mucosae
Other layers
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Serosa
Mouth
Oral or buccal cavity
Epithelium
characteristic
Salivary Glands
4 functions
3 (pair) Extrinsic salivary glands
Intrinsic salivary glands
Digestive Processes in the Mouth
Pharynx
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Food and fluids to the esophagus
Cells
Esophagus
Muscular tube, Muscularis changes enroute
Stomach
chyme
Regions

Nerve supply
Blood supply
Muscles of stomach
Microscopic Anatomy of the Stomach
Epithelial lining
Gastric pits
Glands of the Stomach Fundus and Body
Gastric glands
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Parietal

Mucous neck cells

Chief cells
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Enteroendocrine cells – secrete gastrin, histamine, endorphins,
serotonin, cholecystokinin (CCK), and somatostatin into the lamina
propria
Small Intestine: Microscopic Anatomy
Structural modifications:
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Plicae circulares
Villi
Microvilli
 Cells and structures
Liver
Cells
Functions
Hepatic Artery
and Hepatic Portal Vein
The Gallbladder
Bile
 Function of gallbladder
 Bile
 Function of bile
 Gallstones
bile salts, bile pigments,
cholesterol, neutral fats,
phospholipids, and electrolytes
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Regulation of Bile Release
Pancreas
Endocrine function

Islets of Langerhans
Exocrine function

Acini Cells
Pancreatic Juice and
enzymes
Regulation of Pancreatic Secretion
Large Intestine
Cells
Functions
Bacterial Flora
Digestive phases:

Overlapping
Cephalic
Gastric
Intestinal
Nutrition
Nutrients
Minerals
Vitamins