Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Islam Rise of Islam Islam emerged in the Arabian Peninsula The region was an important crossroad for trade The two leading towns were Mecca & Yathrib(Medina) Islam means submission A Muslim is a person who submits to God Background Islam: One of the world’s great religions Medina Mecca Muhammad Born in Mecca around 570 Orphaned as a child & raised by his uncle At 25 he married Khadija who recognized his spiritual qualities She encouraged him to spend time praying and fasting Muhammad During a retreat he heard the voice of Gabriel ordering him to “proclaim” As God’s prophet he began to spread the message of one God Won over very few converts Muslim = “one who submits” Islam = “to submit” The Hejira AD 622 After his wife’s death he was forced to leave Mecca Moved to Yathrib or Medina (city of the prophet) Became known as the hejira or the beginning of the spread of Islam His followers proclaimed it the first year of the Muslim calendar Important Dates 630 conquered Mecca 632 Muhammed died Five Pillars 1. Believe in one God, Allah 2. Pray 5 times a day 3. Charity to the poor and aged 4. Fasting during the month of Ramadan 5. Pilgrimage to Mecca or hajj 6. Jihad: Struggle for faith, “Holy War” The Koran Sacred book of Islam Authority on all subjects Religion, politics, law and social life Mosque Muslim house of worship Minaret: Towers used for the “call to prayer” The Kaaba Ancient shrine Muslims believe was built by the Prophet Abraham Divisions In 661divisions in Islam Dispute over who should become successor to the prophet or Caliph Sunni- leader should be elected from those capable of the job Shiites- leader should stay within the prophets family The Spread of Islam After Muhammad’s death Islam quickly spread By 661, entire Middle East By 732 the Arab Empire included Middle East, Persia, North Africa, and Spain Reasons for Success Arab armies were united by their beliefs Warriors who died in service of Islam won a place in paradise Riches to be had during conquest of lands Jihad also motivated soldiers Protecting the religion- holy lands or people