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Inside Us A News in Education teaching tool featuring the guts and glory of the human body. Now open in South Florida! CONTENT PROVIDED BY PREMIER EXHIBITIONS, INC. www.Sun-Sentinel.com/nie Teaching with THE SUN-SENTINEL B Fantastic voyage ODIES...The Exhibition is open for a limited time at Las Olas Riverfront in Fort Lauderdale. The setting of this Exhibition lends itself to a quiet, respectful viewing of human specimens. BODIES...The Exhibition features real, preserved specimens of human bodies dissected to show various systems. There are nine galleries: skeletal system, muscular system, nervous system, circulatory system, digestive system, reproductive system, an optional fetal gallery, and a gallery that shows how prosthetic joints and surgical tools are used to restore our health. The ninth gallery invites guests to write comments about their Exhibition visit and to thumb through age-appropriate books on anatomy. Included in the galleries are individual organs or parts of the human body. The specimens have been dissected to illustrate each body system and function. Male and female reproductive organs are visible in most of the full body specimens. The fetal room is entirely optional. All embryos or fetuses died of natural causes in utero. BODIES...The Exhibition celebrates the human body and its inter-related systems and functions. By understanding how the body works, you can better care for your body and keep it healthy. BODIES...The Exhibition provides an unprecedented opportunity for learning human anatomy, physiology and chemistry. BODIES...The Exhibition enables teachers and students to speak with ease about the body, dispelling preconceived ideas and fears. The specimens are preserved through a process called polymer preservation. This process is a revolutionary technique in which human tissue is permanently preserved using liquid silicone rubber. This prevents the natural process of decay, making the specimens available for study for an indefinite period of time. Polymer preservation provides a closer look at the skeletal, muscular, nervous, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive, endocrine and circulatory systems, unveiling the mysteries of the human anatomy. Human specimens are used instead of models to study individual variations and uniqueness. •A human being loses an average of 40 to 100 strands of hair a day. •A cough releases an explosive charge of air that moves at speeds up to 60 miles per hour. • Every time you lick a stamp, you consume 1/10 of a calorie. •A sneeze can exceed the speed of 100 miles per hour. • Every person has a unique tongue print. Create a travel brochure for the human skeletal system. As the travel editor for the Sun-Sentinel, you decided to publish a story in the form of a brochure for a luxury tour through the human body’s skeletal system. Use the travel articles in the Sun-Sentinel as models for your brochure. The TRAVEL section runs in the Sunday paper. If your class does not receive the Sunday paper, you can read travel articles online at www.Sun-Sentinel.com. Be sure to highlight the trendy spots, all exciting activities, and the imports and exports of the areas. For insurance considerations, point out all possible dangers or special precautions that tourists might encounter in their visit. Spread the word One of the organs displayed in BODIES...The Exhibition is a diseased lung, which has been blackened by the tar that often accompanies cigarette smoking. Smoking has been shown to be very unhealthy. It causes cancer, emphysema, heart disease, birth defects and a variety of other ailments. It has not been many years since tobacco advertising was banned from television. Ads for tobacco still appear in many newspapers and magazines and on billboards. Create a series of public service ads for the Sun-Sentinel aimed at educating people about the effects of smoking on the body. Write the copy, select the graphics and edit your ads so that your message is effective, to-the-point and is taken seriously. Present your final campaign to your classmates and/or family. Systematic research The human body consists of nine main systems: skeletal, muscular, nervous, hormonal, circulatory, digestive, respiratory, immune and reproductive. Research these systems in your school media center or local library before going to see BODIES...The Exhibition. What is the main function of each system? How would a person’s life be affected without any one of these systems operating properly? Next, look for articles about health in the Sun-Sentinel. Briefly summarize the article, and think about which of the nine main body systems applies to this article. Present the information you have researched, along with your article, to the class. Did you know? •An average human drinks approximately 16,000 gallons of water in a lifetime. •A fingernail or toenail takes approximately six months to grow from base to tip. •An average human scalp has 100,000 hairs. • It takes 17 muscles to smile and 43 to frown. • By age 60, most people have lost half of their taste buds. About The News IN EDUCATION PROGRAM Dear Educators: To See is To Know. We invite you and your school group to see BODIES...The Exhibition and to know more about how to enlighten, inform, and inspire your students to learn about the human body. BODIES...The Exhibition provides an unprecedented opportunity for studying science, human anatomy, physics and biology. You will see that regardless of how different we are outside, the human body and its systems are much the same inside. This Exhibition will inspire your students to explore careers in science, medicine and healthcare. In BODIES...The Exhibition you will examine full bodies dissected to show various internal systems. You will also view individual organs - some healthy, some diseased. You will see first-hand how amazing the body is and how the pulleys, levers and fulcrums we know as muscles and bones function without our thinking about it. In addition, there are comprehensive Teacher’s Guides available for elementary, middle and high school levels with experiential classroom activities aligned to National Academic Standards as well as Sunshine State Standards. You can download a Teacher’s Guide at www.Sun-Sentinel.com/nie Through this collaboration with the Sun-Sentinel, we bring you this News in Education piece on BODIES...The Exhibition. Use it in your classrooms to help your students understand how the body works so that they can take better care of it and keep it healthy. Thank you for sharing this innovative learning experience with your students. Cheryl Muré, M.Ed. Director of Education Premier Exhibitions, Inc. Lynn Baden Educational Service Manager Sun-Sentinel www.Sun-Sentinel.com/nie Developed and written by Cheryl Muré, Premier Exhibitions, Inc. with Special Thanks to Debbie Rahamim, Sun-Sentinel and Jodi Pushkin, St. Petersburg Times NIE Liaison; Designed by Jeff Chafin, Mercury Graphics and Maureen Maxted, Premier Exhibitions, Inc. “ This Exhibition taught my students more than I could ever teach them with mere words. T he Sun-Sentinel NIE program provides newspapers, both in print and digitally, to South Florida schools at no charge throughout the school year. Our goal has been to help teachers help their students, to promote literacy, to encourage hands-on learning using the newspaper, and to help students stay up-to-date on the world around them. Another key focus of our program is to provide curriculum materials, like “BODIES…The Exhibition”, to enhance lessons in the classroom across all subject areas. These complimentary booklets are aligned to the Sunshine State Standards. For more information about Sun-Sentinel News in Education, visit our website at www.Sun-Sentinel.com/nie If you are interested in becoming an NIE sponsor, please email [email protected] or call (954) 425-1168. This classroom resource incorporates the following Sunshine State Standards: HE.A.1.3-4; HE.B.1.3-4; LA.A.1.3-4; LA.A.2.3-4; LA.B.1.3-4; LA.B.2.3-4; LA.C.1.3-4; LA.C.2.3-4; LA.C.3.3-4; LA.D.2.3-4; LA.E.2.3-4; SC.A.1.3-4; SC.B.2.3-4; SC.F.1.3-4; SC.H.1.3-4; SC.G.1.3-4; SC.H.3.3-4; VA.A.1.3-4 “ I learned more here than I could in any classroom. SCHOOL PROGRAMS ” At BODIES…The Exhibition your students can actually study themselves ….from the inside out. They will see real human bodies preserved through an innovative process and respectfully presented. To schedule a field trip, call 800.840.1157. To request a free copy of the Teacher’s Guide for your grade level: Visit www.bodiestheExhibition.com. Go to the Education Page. Fill in the application. Click on “Submit the form”. BODIES…The Exhibition Las Olas Riverfront 300 SW First Avenue, Upstairs Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33301 • Exhibition Hours: Sunday—Thursday: 10am—10pm Friday—Saturday: 10am—12am • Self-guided tours last approximately 2 hours. • There is a minimum group size of 15 students. • The cost per student is $12 without an audio tour. • The cost to add an audio tour is $5 per person. • One chaperone is required for every 10 students. This responsible adult is admitted free of charge. For additional free resources for your classroom, visit www.Sun-Sentinel.com/nie YOUR BODY SPINAL CORD AND SPINAL NERVES TEACHING WITH THE Sun-SentINEL • The human body is the most fascinating and fantastic machine in existence. No one understands all of its many mysteries. There are 206 bones in the human body and there are 600 muscles. You need those muscles and bones to breathe, eat, walk, talk and play. Look in the Sun-Sentinel or at www.Sun-Sentinel.com for pictures, cartoons and photos of people engaged in some kind of action that involves using muscles. Cut out the pictures and create a collage with them. Next to each picture, write down the action that is taking place in the photo. Also write down which muscles and bones are being used in that action. • Did you know that your digestive system starts working even before you take your first bite of food? The sight and smell of the food makes special glands in your mouth produce saliva, or spit. Look for pictures or words showing or describing food in the Sun-Sentinel. Hint: Thursday’s FOOD section of the Sun-Sentinel is a great resource for this activity! Cut out the words and pictures. Create a food chart based on one of the USDA food pyramids. You can find the pyramids at www.mypyramid. gov. You should have five categories in your chart: meat and fish, grains, fruits and vegetables, dairy, and fats and sweets. Tape, paste or glue the pictures and words you find onto the chart. Share your chart with your class. • Blood pressure is the amount of force with which blood pushes against the wall of an artery. If your blood pressure is high, your arteries can become damaged. Serious health problems, such as blood clots or arterial blockages, are caused by high blood pressure. You can prevent these health problems by exercising and getting your blood pressure tested regularly. Exercise is the key to maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Using the Sun-Sentinel and the Internet as sources, research health or policy issues related to high blood pressure, obesity or unhealthy lifestyles. What is the government’s approach for shaping up American citizens? What methods are fast food chains taking to attract customers who are health conscious? Look in the Sun-Sentinel for references to the following: weight loss (such as diets or support groups), food consumption (such as restaurant ads or coupons), low-level physical activities (such as video games) and high-level physical activities (such as swimming or hiking). Compare numbers of weight loss references with those for food consumption. Compare the number of ads for low-level vs. high-level activities. Compile the information you find into a report. Graph your results on a piece of poster board. Share the information with your class. • Approximately 40 percent of the body is skeletal muscle and almost another 10 percent is smooth and cardiac muscle. The best way to keep your muscles healthy is to exercise. With the trend toward increasing physical exercise and changing lifestyles to be a healthier nation, there has been an increase in advertising by physical fitness spas, clubs and weight loss centers. This advertising provides a great deal of information about the services available and allows a reader who is seeking help with an exercise or weight loss program to see what is available to him or her. Select two advertisements, from the Sun-Sentinel, for health/fitness spas or weight loss programs. Clip the advertisements of the program. Compare the information in the two ads: What type of business is represented, what are the advantages and disadvantages, what are the operating hours, where are the facilities located, what are the costs, which ad appeals to readers the most? Based on this information, develop a list of questions that you would want to have answered before paying money or signing any contracts or agreements to participate in one of these programs. NERVOUS SYSTEM The nervous system is like the Internet of the human body. It gathers, stores and transfers information to control systems throughout the body. The nervous system is designed to prepare and adapt your body to a wide variety of situations and environments. Your nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system. The peripheral nervous system consists of a somatic, or voluntary, division that innervates the arms, hands, legs and feet and a autonomic, or involuntary, division that innervates our organs – things that we do not even think about – such as our heart, kidneys and our digestive system. SKIN Let’s face it; the world is a tough place. It is nice to have a flexible, self-repairing, multisensory suit of armor that shields you from the elements and protects your vital organs from microbial invaders and physical harm. Many people are surprised to learn that skin is an organ. In fact, it is the human body’s largest organ. Specialized cells known as melanocytes produce melanin, the chemical pigment that gives skin its color. People with light colored skin and dark colored skin have the same number of melanocytes. The only difference between them is the activity level of melanin production. Melanin helps to protect the body from the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun. Transverse chest section with lung and heart CIRCULATORY SYSTEM RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Your circulatory system is like the highway system of your body. Vital nutrients and oxygen are transported in the blood flowing through arteries. The deoxygenated blood and waste are transported through veins. Blood is made up of plasma, a liquid, and the following three types of cells. You don’t think about your breathing throughout the day, do you? You might, however, be more aware of your breathing after you finish exercising or running up stairs. Your lungs, the star of your respiratory system, allow you to take air in from your environment and extract vital oxygen transported to all the cells in your body. Once finished with the air, your diaphragm, the muscle that works to inhale and exhale, expels carbon dioxide and other waste out into the environment. Your lungs are made up of branches of tubes called bronchiole. Each bronchiole is about the same thickness as a hair. At the end of the bronchiole are microscopic air sacs known as alveoli. Alveoli take the oxygen molecules in the air and pass them to the red blood cells to deliver oxygen to the rest of the body. • Red cells, or erythrocytes, carry oxygen for delivery to all your cells. • White cells, or leukocytes, function as body police by fighting off bacteria and viruses. • Platelets, or thrombocytes, are tiny pieces of cells that plug up injured blood vessels and start the clotting process when you get a cut. Blood cells are created in the bone marrow of the skull, ribs, sternum, spine and pelvis from blood stem cells found in red marrow. These stem cells divide and multiply to make various blood cells. The primary organ of the circulatory system – the heart – pumps oxygenated blood out through the arteries and to all parts of the body. Because the heart is a double pump with four chambers, it also pumps the deoxygenated blood to the lungs to be oxygenated again. SKELETAL SYSTEM DID YOU KNOW? • Each square inch of human skin consists of 20 feet of blood vessels. • The total surface area of the alveoli (tiny air sacs in the lungs) is the size of a tennis court. • The heart circulates the body’s blood supply approximately 1,000 times each day. • Every square inch of the human body has an average of 32 million bacteria on it. • The lungs are the only organ in the body that can float on water. • The heart pumps the equivalent of 5,000 to 6,000 quarts of blood each day. • • The lungs produce a detergent-like substance, which reduces the surface tension of the fluid lining, allowing air in. • Your nerves transmit messages to and from your brain at speeds of more than 200 miles per hour. Humans shed approximately 600,000 particles of skin every hour— approximately 1.5 pounds a year. By 70 years of age, an average person will have lost 105 pounds of skin. • Babies are born with 300 bones, but by adulthood we have only 206 in our bodies. • Your heart is about the same size as your fist. Bronchial tree, Pulmonary Veins and heart • An average adult body contains about five quarts of blood. • All the blood vessels in an adult body would stretch 100,000 miles. If you have ever seen an X-ray taken by a doctor, you probably realize that everyone has a skeleton made up of many bones. In fact, the average adult has about 206 bones – more than half of them in the hands and feet. Your skeleton gives your body structure like the girders of a building. The bones of your skeleton also protect your internal organs, such as your heart, brain and lungs. Many people think that the skull is one big piece of bone, but in truth it is composed of 30 different bones. • Every person has 10,000 taste buds. Girls usually have more than boys. • The average person urinates 12,000 gallons of urine in his or her lifetime. BONES OF THE HAND AND WRIST URINARY SYSTEM DIGESTIVE SYSTEM STOMACH AND RUGAE We base our decision on what to eat largely on taste preferences and nutritional habits. Let’s follow what happens to our food from the minute we put it into our mouths to the time it comes out the other end. 1. You put food into your mouth. Teeth prepare the food by chewing larger pieces into smaller, easier to swallow ones. Enzymes in the saliva are added to start breaking down foods chemically. 2. Once your food is chewed, it is pushed into the esophagus and squeezed down using a muscular action called peristalsis. 3. Food arriving in the stomach is subjected to highly acidic gastric juices that digest food and kill bacteria. Although the stomach churns and mixes the food, it also acts as a storage compartment, slowly changing the food into a gray, oatmeal-like mush known as chyme and passing it into the small intestine. 4. As the chyme enters the small intestine, it is mixed with green bile and other digestive juices to help with the absorption of minerals, vitamins, carbohydrates, proteins and fats. This tube absorbs most of the nutrition from the food we eat. 5. Once the chyme makes it through the small intestine, its nutrients have already been stripped and transported to other organs. The fluid remains of the food have their water absorbed. The unused nutrients and fluids from the food are stored in the rectum until there is enough to be defecated as feces. The chore of taking out the trash is a dirty job, but someone has to do it. Luckily, we have the urinary system dedicated to removing discarded waste from every cell and system of our bodies. Although defecation releases feces as the final step of digestion, only our body’s urinary system “cleans up” after metabolic or chemical processes in the form of urine. Urea, the body’s main waste product excreted by cells into the bloodstream, has to be removed because it is toxic. Traveling through the bloodstream, urea is filtered out from the blood by the kidneys. Your kidneys, located just below the ribs in the lower back, produce urine by combining the urea with other metabolic waste, salts, ions and excess water. The urine is transported via tube-like ureters to the bladder, which acts like a storage tank. When enough urine has filled the bladder, the brain sends an impulse telling the sphincter to relax (open) and the detrusor muscle to contract. This allows the urine to flow from the bladder, down the urethra and out of the body. CORONAL VIEW OF KIDNEY MUSCULAR SYSTEM If all 600 muscles in your body pulled in one direction, you could lift approximately 25 tons. But lifting stuff is just one of the jobs our muscles help us do. Muscles pump blood through our bodies, allow us to smile or frown, and help us run and jump. The muscular system is made up of the following three types of muscles: • Smooth muscles work automatically, without conscious thought. The stomach and bladder are lined with smooth muscles. • Cardiac muscles are designed to squeeze blood to all the systems of our body through blood vessels. Our hearts are made of cardiac muscles. The cardiac muscle is made up of cardiac fibers laid into spiral bundles. Each cell can contract rhythmically. The cardiac muscle is able to sustain strong and continuous contractions without getting tired. • Skeletal muscles are voluntary muscles that we control. They make up the musculoskeletal system. Skeletal muscles are made up of striated, or striped, muscle tissue. They are attached onto your bones. Skeletal muscles are able to contract with great strength, but they tire easily. Biceps and triceps are skeletal muscles. The place where the nerve and muscle meet is called the neuromuscular junction. An electrical signal crosses this junction and triggers the flow of calcium ions causing the myofilaments, fibers made from protein, to slide across one another. When this happens, the sarcomere, a thick filament system that gives cardiac and skeletal muscles their striped appearance, shortens and force is generated. Billions of sarcomeres shorten, causing a contraction of the entire muscle fiber. Teaching with THE SUN-SENTINEL Think about it B ODIES...The Exhibition has sparked an interesting dialogue in our community. There is some controversy involving the use of actual human bodies, the positioning of the bodies, the origin of the bodies, as well as the displaying of diseased body parts. What do you think? What are the pros and cons of hosting such an exhibition for the public? With a partner, create a list of debate questions around the idea of displaying preserved human bodies whether they are injected with liquid silicone, presented in formaldehyde or mummified. Research the value these exhibitions bring to the community and formulate answers to your questions. Then, using editorials in the Sun-Sentinel as models, write an editorial with your partner outlining your thoughts. Share your editorial with the class. Learn More About It Web sites: http://kidshealth.org/kid/ Discover how the body works and what can make the body sick by reading through these expert articles written just for kids. http://library.thinkquest.org/10348/ An exploration of anatomy designed for students ages 11 to 16 years. http://yucky.kids.discovery.com/nofl ash/body/index.html This Web site explores the science behind eye gunk, ear wax, dandruff and other bodily by-products and functions that are often considered “yucky” and “gross.” There is also a drop-down menu that provides information about systems of the body. http://www.lung.ca/children/index_kids.html How do the lungs work? What hazards threaten the respiratory system? What can kids do about them? This engaging Web site has information, printed worksheets and games for students in grades 1-12. Water, water, everywhere Did you know that almost 60 percent of the human body is composed of water? The brain is 70 percent water, your lungs are almost 90 percent water and blood contains 82 percent water. Look for photographs or advertisements in the Sun-Sentinel of five things (living or not) that require the use of water. Where do we obtain drinking water? What are the dangers to our water supply? Research the ways we contaminate our drinking water and share the information with your class. Books: Human Body Revealed. Sue Davidson and Ben Morgan. DK Publishing, 2002. Visual representations of the body are nothing new. This volume is unique in the spectacular quality and quantity of images displayed. Use of transparent templates allows the reader to “peel away” layers, revealing the interactions among body systems. Melanocytes, myofilaments, alveoli, oh my When you study human anatomy, you come up against some tough vocabulary words! Luckily for you, most of the anatomy-related words in this publication have their definitions right next to them, like this: “Specialized cells known as melanocytes produce melanin, the chemical pigment that gives skin its color.” Even though you didn’t know what that word meant before, you now know that melanocytes are special cells that give skin its color. Most vocabulary words are learned from context clues or good old-fashioned dictionary work. While you read “Inside Us,” be sure to highlight or circle words you don’t know. Some of the words you may need to look up are bolded. Then try to figure out their meanings by looking for clues in the sentences around these unknown words. Write down your best guess, then look words up in the dictionary or check the Glossary at the end of each BODIES...The Exhibition Teacher’s Guide. You can download a Teacher’s Guide at www.Sun-Sentinel.com/nie. As a group activity, make a list of the words students identified and see which ones stumped the class. DK Guide to the Human Body. Richard Walker. DK Publishing, 2001. Dynamic computer-enhanced, three-dimensional illustrations reveal the inner world of the human body. Multiple imaging techniques such as X-ray, MRI and CT scans present the reader with views of the human body from the microscopic to the macroscopic level. Each image helps to explain the complex functions of the body systems. START EXPLORING (tm) Gray’s Anatomy - A Fact-Filled Coloring Book. Freddy Stark. Running Press, 2001. Human Anatomy Coloring Book. Margaret Matt and Joe Ziemian. Dover Publications, 1982. “ I thought Science was hard for me but when I came here I learned that I loved it. ”