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BIOME TIME BIOME VOCABULARY • Biome – an ecosystem defined by its precipitation and temperature • Biotic – the living or once-living parts of an ecosystem • Abiotic – the nonliving parts of an ecosystem • Temperate – having seasonal temperatures (warm and cold cycles) Tundra • Animals – Musk Ox, Arctic Hare, Polar Bear, Caribou, Arctic Fox, Gray Wolf, Lemmings • Plants – Saxifrage, Grasses, Sedges, Reindeer Moss, Liverworts • Abiotic Factors – Tundra – Incredibly low amounts of precipitation – Coldest biome in winter; gets mild temperatures in summer – Frozen soil – causes water to pool into lakes • Adaptations for Tundra – – – – – Hibernation (“sleep” through winter) Heavy, thick fur/feathers for warmth Migrate south for winter Low vegetation (to tolerate high winds) Taiga • Animals – Grizzly Bear, Lynx, River Otter, Snowshoe Hare, Moose, Great Grey Owl, Spruce Grouse • Plants – Evergreen Trees (pines, spruces, firs) • Abiotic Factors – Taiga – Slightly wetter than tundra – Seasonal, with very cold winter and mild summers – Poor, thin soil • Adaptations for Taiga – – – – – Hibernation Thick fur/feathers Migrate south for winter Cone shaped trees – helps in tree holding snow without collapsing Temperate Grassland • Animals – Bison, Prairie Dogs, Coyotes, Bullsnake, Pronghorn, Badger, Swift Fox • Plants – Switchgrass, Prairie Grasses, Buffalo Grass, Fleabane Temperate Grassland • Abiotic Factors – – Moderate amount of precipitation (more in summer) – Seasonal (below freezing in winter, warm to hot in summer) – Incredibly good, thick soil – great for farming • Adaptations for Temperate Grassland – – – – – Hibernation (“sleep” through winter) Burrowing (soil good for digging) Camouflage Plants with very deep root systems (stay grounded) Temperate Deciduous Forest • Animals – Black Bear, White-tailed Deer, Raccoon, Cardinal, Red-tailed Hawk, American Robin • Plants – Oak Trees, Maple Trees, Basswood, Temperate Deciduous Forest • Abiotic Factors – – Moderate amount of rain (more than temperate grassland) – Seasonal; warm to hot in summer, colder in winter – Productive soils (rich and dark) • Adaptations for Temperate Deciduous Forest – – Hibernation (“sleep” through winter) – Camouflage – Leaves of trees fall off in winter Savanna • Animals – Lion, Giraffe, Wildebeest, Warthog, Baboon, Black Mamba, Meerkat • Plants – Elephant Grass, Acacia Trees, Baobab Tree (tree of life) • Abiotic Factors – Savanna – Very dry, except for huge rainy season in spring and early summer – Warm most of the year – Thin, dry soils • Adaptations for Savanna – – Scaly skin or thin fur – Ability to escape/tolerate fire – Ability to eat lots of grass Chaparral • Animals – Mountain Lion, Coyote, Scrub Jay, Spotted Skunk, Jackrabbit, Grey Fox • Plants – Sagebrush, Coyote Brush, Torrey Pine • Abiotic Factors – Chaparral – Dry summers and wet winters – Temperatures are warm all year, with it getting cooler in the summer – Thin, dry soils • Adaptations for Chaparral – – Ability to sprout quickly after fire – Camouflage – Ability to escape the heat of the day – be nocturnal Desert • Animals – Gila Monster, Camel, Kangaroo Rat, Rattlesnake, Ostrich, Roadrunner, Cactus Wren • Plants – Saguaro Cactus, Yucca Plant, Joshua Tree • Abiotic Factors – Desert – Dry all year – Temperatures warm and dry in day (sometime cold at night or winter) – Thin, dry soils • Adaptations for Desert – – Ability to survive drought – Scaly skin – keep water in the body – Spines on plants to prevent animals from eating them to get water Tropical Rain Forest • Animals – Spider Monkey, Monkey Frog, Jaguar, Toucan, Three-toed Sloth, Slender Loris, Blue and Gold Macaw • Plants – Coconut Tree, Strangler Fig, Curare Tropical Rain Forest • Abiotic Factors – – Wettest biome; Rains everyday – Temperatures hot all year round; High humidity – Very poor soils (nutrients are used up so quickly there) • Adaptations for Tropical Rain Forest – – Ability to climb and move through trees easily – Plants grow quickly and compete for sunlight – Poisonous – protection from predators