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SUCCESS CRITERIA – F (30%) E (40%) D (50%) C (61%) B (68%) A (74%) A* (80%)
THE MUSCULAR AND SKELETAL
SYSTEMS WITHIN SPORT
KEY QUESTION - How do I apply my knowledge of the muscular and skeletal systems to
pick up marks for multiple choice, short answer and extended questions?
SUCCESS CRITERIA – F (30%) E (40%) D (50%) C (61%) B (68%) A (74%) A* (80%)
Cranium
Vertebra
Sternum
HUMERUS
RADIUS
Ilium
ULNA
FEMUR
FIBULA
TIBIA
KEY QUESTION - How do I apply my knowledge of the muscular and skeletal systems to
pick up marks for multiple choice, short answer and extended questions?
SUCCESS CRITERIA – F (30%) E (40%) D (50%) C (61%) B (68%) A (74%) A* (80%)
Joint Action
Description
Example From Sport
Flexion
Bending a limb at the joint.
?
Extension
Straightening a limb at a
joint.
?
Abduction
Movement of a limb
sideways away from the
centre of the body.
?
Adduction
Movement of a limb
?
sideways towards the centre
of the body.
Rotation
Circular movement around
the joint.
?
Using SMB’s start to build lists of examples in sport where you have observed each of
the joint actions. PREP FOR EQ*
KEY QUESTION - How do I apply my knowledge of the muscular and skeletal systems to
pick up marks for multiple choice, short answer and extended questions?
SUCCESS CRITERIA – F (30%) E (40%) D (50%) C (61%) B (68%) A (74%) A* (80%)
The role of the muscular system in bringing about movement…
All sports performers need to be able to move.
Movement is possible through the use of muscles, but
only skeletal muscles bring about movement.
In order to bring about movement, our muscles
contract – they can only pull, not push. They are
attached to bones at both ends. One end is fixed and
cannot move, so as the muscle contracts, the fixed end
(the origin) pulls on the other end of the muscle, which
is attached to a different bone. Because this end of the
muscle can move (the insertion), it and the bone(s) it is
attached to will be pulled towards the other end of the
muscle and the bone that is attached to.
KEY QUESTION - How do I apply my knowledge of the muscular and skeletal systems to
pick up marks for multiple choice, short answer and extended questions?
SUCCESS CRITERIA – F (30%) E (40%) D (50%) C (61%) B (68%) A (74%) A* (80%)
Muscular contractions
no
ISOMETRIC
CONTRACTION
which result in
visible movement.
ISOTONIC
CONTRACTION
Muscular contractions
which result in
visible
movement.
KEY QUESTION - How do I apply my knowledge of the muscular and skeletal systems to
pick up marks for multiple choice, short answer and extended questions?
IMMEDIATE EFFECTS
1. DEMAND FOR ENERGY FOR MUSCULAR WORK
2. CO2 PRODUCTION
3. TEMPERATURE
4. LACTIC ACID PRODUCTION DURING ANAEROBIC WORK
(ENERGY CONVERSTION)
5. MUSCLE FATIGUE
EFFECTS OF REGULAR TRAINING
1. STRENGTH OF LIGAMENTS
2. STRENGTH OF TENDONS
3. STRENGTH OF SKELETAL MUSCLE
4. SIZE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE (HYPERTROPHY)
5. INCREASED MITOCHONDRIA (SITE OF AEROBIC
RESPIRATION)
6. INCREASED MYOGLOBIN (O2 STORE IN MUSCLES)
INCREASED
INCREASED
SUCCESS CRITERIA – F (30%) E (40%) D (50%) C (61%) B (68%) A (74%) A* (80%)
KEY QUESTION - How do I apply my knowledge of the muscular and skeletal systems to
pick up marks for multiple choice, short answer and extended questions?
IMMEDIATE EFFECTS
1. DEMAND FOR ENERGY FOR MUSCULAR WORK – This can be
glucose and O2 during aerobic respiration.
2. CO2 PRODUCTION – Because a waste product of respiration in
the muscles is CO2. The greater the intensity your muscles work
at, the more CO2 is produced.
3. TEMPERATURE – Muscular contractions and movement create
heat.
4. LACTIC ACID PRODUCTION DURING ANAEROBIC WORK
(ENERGY CONVERSTION) – Is an unwanted by product when we
exercise in the absence of O2 and causes fatigue/stiffness.
5. MUSCLE FATIGUE – Due to our muscles don’t receiving enough
O2 and running out of glycogen. Also levels of lactic acid and
CO2 build up in the body.
INCREASED
SUCCESS CRITERIA – F (30%) E (40%) D (50%) C (61%) B (68%) A (74%) A* (80%)
KEY QUESTION - How do I apply my knowledge of the muscular and skeletal systems to
pick up marks for multiple choice, short answer and extended questions?
EFFECTS OF REGULAR TRAINING
1. STRENGTH OF LIGAMENTS – Ligaments are connective tissues
which connect bone to bone.
2. STRENGTH OF TENDONS – Tendons are flexible tissues that
connect muscles to bones.
3. STRENGTH OF SKELETAL MUSCLE – Muscles attached to the
skeleton that causes movement.
4. SIZE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE (HYPERTROPHY) – The increased size
of muscle fibres as they repair larger after progressive overload
training.
5. INCREASED MITOCHONDRIA (SITE OF AEROBIC RESPIRATION) –
Mitochondria are cells that float around in our muscles and break
down nutrients (such as glucose from carbohydrates) to create
energy.
6. INCREASED MYOGLOBIN (O2 STORE IN MUSCLES) – Myoglobin is
found in our muscles and has O2 attached to it which it releases
as we exercise.
INCREASED
SUCCESS CRITERIA – F (30%) E (40%) D (50%) C (61%) B (68%) A (74%) A* (80%)
KEY QUESTION - How do I apply my knowledge of the muscular and skeletal systems to
pick up marks for multiple choice, short answer and extended questions?
SUCCESS CRITERIA – F (30%) E (40%) D (50%) C (61%) B (68%) A (74%) A* (80%)
14. Link the different roles of the skeletal system to sporting performance.
3 Marks
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KEY QUESTION - How do I apply my knowledge of the muscular and skeletal systems to
pick up marks for multiple choice, short answer and extended questions?
SUCCESS CRITERIA – F (30%) E (40%) D (50%) C (61%) B (68%) A (74%) A* (80%)
SHAPE AND SUPPORT
Gives the body its shape and
supports us in an upright position.
E.g. Allows a goalkeeper to reach
for a high cross.
MOVEMENT
Allows movement through the use
of joints and muscular
attachments. E.g. The tricep
pulling on the humerus allows us
to punch in boxing.
PROTECTS
Stops vital organs from getting
damaged. E.g. the ribs protect the
heart.
KEY QUESTION - How do I apply my knowledge of the muscular and skeletal systems to
pick up marks for multiple choice, short answer and extended questions?
SUCCESS CRITERIA – F (30%) E (40%) D (50%) C (61%) B (68%) A (74%) A* (80%)
Effects of regular training on the skeletal system…
Our body is smart and will always make adaptions as we exercise more regularly.
1.Increased bone density
Bone Density = Is the amount of mineral matter (some bones are full and thick =
strong / some are less full and more hollow = weak) within a bone.
2.Increased strength of bones which reduces the risk of osteoporosis
Osteoporosis = Is a disease of the bone which can lead to increased fractures of
the skeletal systems (bones will break easier!).
KEY QUESTION - How do I apply my knowledge of the muscular and skeletal systems to
pick up marks for multiple choice, short answer and extended questions?