Download Chapter 18 The Great Depression and WWII

Chapter 18
The Great
Depression and
World War II
Page 1A: Introduction
• The violence of WWI was only a prelude to greater
violence to come as improvements in technology made
more deadly weapons possible. In this chapter, you will
learn how the prosperity of the 1920’s was followed by the
Great Depression and the rise of totalitarian dictators in
Europe. These dictators deliberately launched WWII, the
greatest explosion of violence the world has seen, in an
attempt to establish global domination. The war was
fought on 4 oceans and 3 continents. As many as 70
million people lost their lives in the horrendous conflict
before the dictators were finally defeated. WWII resulted
in the atomic bomb, the United Nations, and the end of
imperialism in Africa and Asia.
Page 1B: Important Ideas
• The world experienced a short recession immediately following
WWI. The later 1920’s were generally a period of global prosperity.
• Overproduction and speculation led to the Stock Market Crash of
1929 and the Great Depression. The interrelationship of loans and
debts helped the depression spread from the U.S. to Europe and
then to the rest of the world.
• Fascism was a political ideology that developed after WWI. Started
in Italy by Benito Mussolini, fascists believed in extreme
nationalism, glorified violence, opposed socialism and democracy,
and encouraged blind obedience to a strong leader who expressed
the national will. In Germany, Adolf Hitler became leader of a fascist
party known as the Nazis. Hitler was strongly anti-Semitic and
blamed Jews for Germany’s defeat in WWI.
Page 1C: Important Ideas
• Mussolini came to power in Italy in 1922, where he created a
totalitarian state. In Germany, millions of workers lost their jobs in
the Great Depression. Members of the middle classes, working
classes and farmers turned to the Nazi Party. In 1933, Germany’s
leaders appointed Hitler as Chancellor. Blaming Communists for
starting the Reichstag fire, he took on emergency powers.
• Hitler and Mussolini pursued an aggressive foreign policy aimed at
expansion. Italy invaded Ethiopia. Hitler annexed Austria and part of
Czechoslovakia. Britain and France yielded to Hitler’s demands in the
policy of appeasement. In September 1939, Hitler attacked Poland,
starting WWII.
• Germany introduced a new form of rapid warfare—the blitzkrieg–
using tanks, aircraft, and trucks. Nazi Germany quickly conquered all
of Western Europe except Britain.
Page 1D: Important Ideas
• Winston Churchill of Britain refused to surrender. In 1941, Hitler
invaded the Soviet Union. Later that year Germany’s ally Japan, led
by Hideki Tojo, attacked the U.S. at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.
• The Soviets stopped the Nazi advance at Stalingrad. In 1944, Britain
and the U.S. landed troops in Normandy, France. In 1945, Germany
surrendered.
• Japan surrendered in August 1945, after the U.S. dropped atomic
bombs on 2 Japanese cities, Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
• The war brought untold devastation. World leaders founded the
United Nations in 1945 in a new effort to promote world peace.
Page 3: Essential Questions
1) What were the major causes of the Great
Depression? (2,4)
2) What factors allowed the rise of totalitarian
dictators like Mussolini and Hitler? (6,8,10,14)
3) What were the main causes of WWII? (12)
4) How were the allies able to defeat the dictators
and win the war? (16,18,20,22)
Page 5: Key Terminology/Vocabulary
1) Totalitarianism 2) Joseph Stalin 3) Great
Depression 4) Fascism 5) Benito Mussolini 6)
Weimar Republic 7) Adolf Hitler 8) Nazi Party
9) Gestapo 10) Appeasement 11) Blitzkrieg 12)
Allied Powers 13) Axis Powers 14) Normandy
Landing 15) Holocaust 16) Nuremberg Trials 17)
Hideki Tojo 18) Pearl Harbor 19) Winston Churchill
20) Albert Einstein 21) Atomic Bomb 22) United
Nations
Page 2: The World in Prosperity &
Depression
• Europe in 1919 differed in many significant ways
from before WWI
• The former imperial govts. of Germany, Russia,
Austria-Hungary, and Ottoman Turkey were gone
• New states such as Poland, Czechoslovakia,
Hungary and the Baltic states had emerged
• Russia was in the midst of a civil war
Page 2: Reconstruction & Prosperity
• 1st years after WWI were harsh
• People in central Euro. suffered from famine,
returning soldiers faced unemployment, major flu
epidemic in 1919 killed millions
• Farms, railroad lines torn up during war
• Europeans spent next 5 years rebuilding/recovering
from war
• Based on Treaty of Versailles, Germans had 2 pay
huge reparations 2 France & Britain, slowing
German economic recovery
• Germany printed extra $$ 2 pay war debt,
triggering hyper-inflation
• Workers know 2 collect wages in suitcases, then
spend $$ immediately
• U.S. emerged from war as world’s greatest
economic power
• During war Britain & France bought war goods
from U.S. on credit
• Americans faced a brief recession but soon began
buying mass-produced goods made in U.S.
factories
• 1 of most important factors promoting U.S.
prosperity was the automobile
• Cars 1st came into wide spread use in U.S. & Europe
during WWI
• Ford produced 10 million Model T’s in 1924, 9 of 10
cars in world were Fords
• Consumers in U.S. & Euro. benefitted from new
electric appliances: vacuum cleaner, fridge, toaster
• Went 2 movies, listened to radio 4 1st time
• American prosperity spread 2 Euro. by late 1920’s
• Europeans began buying goods from their colonies
• Prosperity spread 2 Asia, Africa, Latin America
• 1920’s saw expression of new values as an outcome
of WWI, women began working in place of men,
received right 2 vote in U.S., Britain & other
countries
• Women enjoyed greater freedom, pursued higher
education
• Fragile new democracies emerging during the
1920’s like the Weimar Republic in Germany
• Socialist Parties came 2 power in several countries
for 1st time
Page 4: The Great Depression
• In 1929, New York stock market crash started chain
reaction that sent world economy into the Great
Depression
• Depression- economic downturn in which large #’s
of businesses fail & workers lose jobs
• Prices of stocks started falling & people scrambled
2 sell stocks
• Those who lost $$ in stock market stopped
spending
• American banks & investors recalled their loans
from Europe
• Depression quickly spread world-wide
• 40 million people now unemployed in U.S.,
Germany, Japan, & other industrialized nations
• Farmers in E. Euro., Asia, Africa, Latin Am. could no
longer sell cash crops
What Factors Caused The Great Depression?
1) Stock market & real estate over speculation,
investors borrowed $$ 2 invest in order 2 make
quick profit
2) Overproduction, at 1st there was great demand 4
new products, now people couldn’t afford 2 buy
them
3) Recession spread quickly, people stopped
spending, credit was limited, no: international
trade, savings, social security benefits
4) Franklin Roosevelt new U.S. President, begins
“New Deal” plan attempts 2 put people 2 work in
public works projects
Page 7: Graphic Organizer
• Create a chart or other graphic organizer featuring
the below question/information
• What economic, political, and international factors
caused the global recession of the 1930’s?
• Graphic organizer must have a title and be clearly
labeled
Page 6: The Rise of Fascism
• Fascism, refers to new political system that
appeared in Euro. in troubled nations after WWI
• Fascism, the term is taken from political party
formed by Mussolini in Italy but is also used to
identify similar political system as Nazism in
Germany
Main Characteristics of European Fascism
• Nationalism, belief that highest value is your
nation, extreme nation superiority, deeply opposed
2 Communism
• Unity of all Social Classes, 1 party unites nation, the
strong should dominate the weak, opposed worker
unions and strikes
• All-Powerful Leaders, dictator could best guide &
rule nation
• Extreme Militarism, used violence to govern & use
war 4 national expansion, believed “war was
glorious”
The Roots of Fascism
• Several earlier currents of Euro. thoughts helped
prepare the way 4 rise of fascism
• Anti-Semitism, the hatred of Jews, their unique
beliefs & customs made them easy targets in times
of social unrest and economic difficulty, Jews
blamed 4 problems
• Racism, a contempt 4 people of other races, Euro.
racism strengthened by overseas imperialism &
spirit of nationalism
• Social Darwinism, believed all human groups
competed 4 survival, the strong had right 2 succeed
over the weak, who deserved 2 die out
The Old Order Collapses
• Old Europe shaken to its core by WWI
• Immense political changes had taken place—new
countries created
• Old ruling families lost power, new leaders of govt.
not used to holding so much power
• Germany, Kaiser Wilhelm II forced out when WWI
was lost, Weimar Republic was weak, people feared
German socialists might follow example of Soviet
Russia, blamed leaders of Weimar Republic 4
accepting Treaty of Versailles
• U.S.S.R., Soviet Communists built totalitarian state,
Lenin dies in 1924 & Joseph Stalin becomes new
leader
• Stalin eliminates political rivals in a series of
“purges” accusing rivals of disloyalty 2 Communist
ideals, opponents sent 2 icy gulags in Siberia
• Stalin starved the Ukraine into submission in 1928 2
pursue collectivization of agriculture
• Many Europeans feared spread of Communism so
they supported extremist anti-Communist leaders
like Mussolini & Hitler
The Roots of Fascism
• Italy, following WWI, Communists were gaining
political support
• Frightened Italians tired of constant strikes and riots &
were willing 2 submit 2 a strong leader
• In Italy, fear of revolution & desire 4 glory led 2
Fascists, led by Mussolini (a former socialist) 2 take
power
• Army of party members called “Black Shirts” pledged
absolute obedience to Mussolini
• After Mussolini’s Black Shirts “March on Rome”, he
passed laws controlling press, unions abolished,
strikes outlawed, used violence, murdered opposition
leaders, Italy now a totalitarian state
Page 8: The Nazi Rise 2 Dictatorship in
Germany
• In Germany, socialist leaders of democratic Weimar
Republic blamed 4 signing the Treaty of Versailles,
which forced Germany 2 pay crippling reparations 2
Britain & France
• 2 pay debt, govt. printed large amounts of $$,
leading 2 a soaring German inflation in 1923
• Common items came to cost millions of German
marks, middle class families saw life savings wiped
out
The Weimar Republic Collapses
• Late 1920’s, Weimar Republic created new currency
& achieved some measure of stability
• This ended when the Great Depression spread from
U.S. 2 Germany in 1930
• 6 million Germans lost jobs– more that 1/3 of
workforce
• Leaders of Weimar govt. could not agree on how 2
cope with economic disaster
• In elections farmers, the unemployed, members of
middle class turned 2 more radical solutions offered
by both the Communists & Nazi Party
The Nazi Rise 2 Dictatorship in Germany
• Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) leader of Nazi Party,
electrifying speaker, spelled out his radical ideas in
book Mein Kampf (My Struggle)
• An important part of Nazi beliefs was fanatical
loyalty & obedience 2 their “Fuhrer” or leader of
Germany
Hitler’s Vision 4 Germany
• Condemnation of the Weimar Republic: blamed
Germany’s humiliation at Versailles on Weimar’s
leaders, urged Germans 2 abandon democracy &
return Germany 2 glory under his leadership
• Aryan Race: Hitler believed Germans were superior,
“Aryan” race should rule the world, he wanted to
wipe out Slavic peoples like the Poles 2 make room 4
German settlers in E. Euro.
• Anti-Semitism: Hitler called Jews an “evil race” that
should be destroyed 4 causing Germany’s defeat in
WWI, he saw Communism as a Jewish plot 2 control
the world
The Nazi’s Come 2 Power
• Nazi’s built their power with private army of
“Brown Shirts” made up of former soldiers &
unemployed workers
• They beat up political opponents & Jews, staged
rallies & parades
• When Great Depression hit Germany support 4
Nazi party increased
• Nazi party became largest party in Reichstag
(German legislature)
• Hitler appointed chief minister/Chancellor in 1933
• Hitler & Nazi’s determined 2 establish dictatorship
• Created chaos, using violence & murder, martial
law declared in Berlin
• Reichstag burned down, possibly by Nazi’s
themselves, Hitler blamed Communists 4 fire, he
used this incident 2 take emergency powers
• Hitler becomes dictator of Germany
Page 10: Germany Under Nazi Control
• Nazi party like Fascists in Italy, took over every
aspect of German social, economic, political life
• Army took personal oath of loyalty 2 Hitler
• Hitler murdered rivals within Nazi party
• Under Hitler’s “New Order”, changes swept
Germany
Hitler’s Nazi Dictatorship
• Human Rights Violations: people arrested &
executed w/out trials, rivals, unions, newspapers
closed & replaced by pro-Nazi ones
• Economic Changes: Hitler used public works
projects like building highways & military
rearmament 2 secure full employment so
economic prosperity returned to Germany
• Persecution of Jews: Jews thrown out of govt.
jobs, lost citizenship, forced 2 wear yellow stars on
clothes, barred from marrying other Germans,
shops & synagogues burned down, forced into
ghettoes & concentration camps
• Secret Police: newspapers, radios, films blared out
Nazi propaganda, all info. censored by Nazi’s,
Gestapo (secret police), arrested & shipped Jews
to concentration camps
• Dachau: 1st concentration camp, was outside
Munich 1938
• Many Germans admired Hitler because he:
restored full employment, told of Germany’s
superior race, overturned humiliation of Treaty of
Versailles, restored Germany’s military power
• Hitler’s opponents arrested, killed, or went into
hiding, were terrorized by Gestapo
• Propaganda played great roll as terror in early
success of Nazism
• Young children recruited as “Hitler Youths”
• All art & theater directed toward celebrating
Nazism; no other ideas were tolerated
Page 9: Applying What You Have Learned
• Summarize Hitler’s rise from the leader of a minor
party to the dictator of Germany
• Length of response should be 2-3 paragraphs
• Cite, highlight, and underline your evidence/proof
from your notes
Comparing & Contrasting
• Hitler used govt. agencies 2 create public works
projects & rearm Germany
• U.S. Pres. Roosevelt in America introduced “New
Deal”, massive public works projects 2 get
Americans back 2 work
• Roosevelt pushed Congress 4 social security 2 help
combat Great Depression
• In Soviet Union they did not suffer from Great
Depression since they lacked a free market
economy
Page 12: World War II (1939-1945)
• The rise of Fascist dictators in Italy, Germany, &
elsewhere made outbreak of WWII inevitable
• These dictators glorified war & laid plans 4
national expansion
• However, the war was postponed 4 several years
while dictators built up their armaments/weapons
• Meanwhile, Japan launched a war in East Asia in
1931
The Origins of WWII
• WWII could be seen as a resumption of WWI that
ended in 1918
• Hitler sought revenge from Britain & France 4
Germany’s humiliating defeat in WWI
• Hitler’s claims 4 territories in E. Euro. meant 2
satisfy German nationalist desires
• Hitler’s vision of new world order went far beyond
Germany’s territorial ambitions
• Hitler planned 2 enslave whole populations & 2
enslave others
• WWII became a struggle 2 the death for mastery
of the world
• Devastating new weapons & linkage of German
desires in Europe with Japanese ambitions in Asia
made this most destructive war in history
• WWII transformed entire world just as WWI had
earlier transformed Europe
Events that led 2 Outbreak of WWII
• Hitler & Mussolini began taking aggressive steps
• Mussolini invaded Ethiopia
• Hitler helped Francisco Franco, fascist dictator of
Spain
• Hitler demanded Austria and part of
Czechoslovakia/Sudetenland that had many
German nationalists living there
• Britain & France hoped 2 avoid war and appeased
Hitler at the Munich Conference
• Hitler next demanded Danzig in Poland, Poles now
backed by Britain & France, refused 2 give in
The Road to WWII
• League of Nations Fails: league relied on members
2 help each other prevent another war, Hitler in
violation of Treaty of Versailles rebuilt his armed
forces, league could do nothing 2 stop Hitler since
member nations refused 2 take action, they feared
any action might lead 2 war
• Appeasement: British Prime Minister Chamberlain
met with Hitler at Munich Conference & tried
appeasement (granting concessions to an
aggressor), by agreeing 2 give Hitler
Czechoslovakia
• Invasion of Poland: In 1939, Hitler made new
demands 4 Poland, this time, Britain & France
refused 2 give in, Hitler made secret deal with
USSR’s Stalin 2 keep Soviet Union out of the
war, Germany then invaded Poland, starting
WWII, Stalin took part of E. Poland
• Hitler’s invasion of Poland in Sept. 1939 starts
WWII
Page 14: The Nazi Blitzkrieg & Battle of
Britain
• German army developed the blitzkrieg—the use of
planes, tanks, & troop carriers 2 advance rapidly
into enemy territory
• Nazi’s quickly overran: Poland, Denmark, Holland,
Belgium, France, N. Africa
• By end of 1940, Germany controlled most of W.
Europe– only Britain remained unconquered
• Hitler began bombing London & other cities from
the air
• Winston Churchill, new British Prime Minister,
rallied British forces
• Churchill inspired British people with his stirring
public broadcasts 2 keep fighting, 2 never
surrender
• Use of radar, bravery of British air force/RAF,
Britain’s island location helped defend Britain
from German air attacks
• Hitler was unable 2 defeat the British
Germany Invades the Soviet Union
• Hitler wanted 2 expand eastwards, racial theories,
outlined in Mein Kampf, made him look down on
Slavs, including Russians
• In 1941, Hitler betrayed Stalin by launching
surprise attack on USSR
• At 1st German army appeared successful but
winter of 1941 was 1 of coldest on record
• German tanks, trucks froze before they could
reach Moscow
• Russians push Germans back defeating them at
Battle of Stalingrad, a key turning point
The Holocaust
• The Holocaust, “burnt offering” refers 2 the
attempted genocide of the Jews of Europe during
WWII
• Genocide- the effort 2 murder an entire people or
nationality
• The Final Solution, after outbreak of war, Hitler
decided 2 execute all Euro. Jews under the cover
of war, he called his plan the “Final Solution”
• Jews were first marched out of towns and
machine gunned next 2 open trenches that they
were forced to 1st dig themselves, or gassed in
trucks
Concentration Camps
• Large camps like Aushchwitz were built throughout
Europe
• Jews throughout Nazi Europe sent 2 camps in
cramped railroad cattle cars
• Upon arrival most were killed with poison gas &
bodies burned in large ovens
• Some Jews were spared to work in camps, they were
half starved & subjected to inhumane conditions
• Human Toll: 6 million Jews, 2/3’s of those living in
Europe killed, 6 million gypsies, Slavs, political
prisoners, elderly, mentally-disabled also died in Nazi
concentration camps
Page 16: The U.S. Enters the War
• December 7, 1941, Japan attacks America at Pearl
Harbor, Hawaii
• Hitler joined Japan declaring war on U.S.
• Hitler now opposed by Allied Powers
• Allied Powers: Britain, USSR, U.S., France
• Germany was helped by Italy & Japan, together
known as the Axis Powers
• Allied Powers decided to 1st defeat Germany in Europe
then turn full strength against Japan in the Pacific
• Roosevelt & Churchill waged joint campaign against
Germany
The War in Europe Ends
• Despite Stalin’s protests, the U.S. & Britain delayed
opening a 2nd front in Europe
• Finally, on D-Day, June 1944, allied troops landed in
Normandy, in N. France
• Largest amphibious assault in history
• Tide of war now turns in favor of allies
• Soviet Union had greater manpower than Germany,
U.S. had greater manufacturing capability
• U.S. & British forces pushed through France Germany
2 east, Soviet army advanced through Poland & E.
Germany
• In August 1941, Roosevelt & Churchill met in the
Atlantic & issued the Atlantic Charter
• Atlantic Charter promised self-determination 2 all
peoples & future disarmament
• Churchill, Roosevelt, & Stalin met in 1943 Teheran,
(Iran) Conference and again in 1945 at Yalta
Conference (USSR)
• Roosevelt & Churchill obtained a promise from
Stalin that free elections would be held in
countries of E. Europe, then occupied by Soviet
Union
• By 1945, Soviet, British, American, & French
troops occupied all of Germany
• Hitler preferred destruction of his country 2 than 2
surrender
• On April 30, 1945, Hitler committed suicide, soon
after, German military leaders surrendered
Nuremberg Trials (Germany)
• Nazi leaders tried & convicted by at Nuremberg,
Germany 4 “crimes against humanity”
• Trials revealed 2 world full extent of Nazi
atrocities, use of slave labor, medical experiments
on humans, forced starvation, & genocide
• Germany now divided into 4 separate zones
occupied by victorious Allied Powers
Page 11: Acting as an Amateur Historian
• Read excerpt on top of page 308
• Read 1 of the opening statements of the
prosecution at the military trial at Nuremberg,
Germany
• Answer the following question, write the question
• The prosecutor said these Nazi leaders did not
deserve mercy. Do you agree or disagree? Explain
your decision in detail
• Length of answer should be 1-2 paragraphs
Page 18: The War in Asia
• Japan’s aggressive actions led 2 war in Asia
• Japanese leaders needed raw materials & markets
4 their industries
• Wished 2 replace European imperialism in Asia by
themselves taking power
• Military leaders began glorifying traditional
samurai beliefs of discipline & loyalty
• Japan went on expansion mission, they
successfully invaded N. Chinese province of
Manchuria in 1931
• Japan invaded the rest of China in 1937
• Japan’s army committed atrocities against civilians
in Shanghai & other Chinese cities
Japan in WWII
• Japanese saw war in Europe as opportunity 2 gain
control of mainland Asia
• Japan took advantage of the conflict by occupying
French Indochina
• Only U.S. was in position 2 prevent Japan’s
expansion
• When U.S. threatened 2 blockade shipments of oil
supplies unless Japan gave up some of its
conquests Japan plots 2 attack U.S.
• In 1941, Hideki Tojo, a former general was
appointed Prime Minister
• Tojo convinces Emperor Hirohito 2 attack U.S. at
Pearl Harbor
• Japan hoped 4 short war, after they planned to
negotiate a treaty with U.S. that would give them
control of E. Asia
Pearl Harbor (December 7, 1941)
• Massive surprise air attack from aircraft carriers
on the U.S. fleet
• 2,400 Americans killed
The War in Asia & Pacific (1941-43)
• Japanese leaders badly miscalculated ability of
U.S.
• Quick war they hoped 4 drug on for 4 years
• At 1st Japan won sweeping victories on Asian
mainland & in Pacific
• Japan invaded & occupied the Philippines, Hong
Kong, Borneo, Solomon Islands, Java, Singapore
The Tide Turns Against Japan (1943-45)
• 1943, U.S. regained naval superiority in Pacific at
the Battle of Midway, (turning point)
• U.S. forces began “island hopping” –liberating
Pacific islands from Japanese control, led by
General Douglas MacArthur
• Japanese armies slowly forced 2 retreat back 2
their home islands
• After Germany was defeated in 1945, U.S. turned
its full strength on Japan
Page 20: The Atomic Bomb Ends the War
• German Jewish physicist, Albert Einstein, played
key role in developing atom bomb
• 1n 1905, Einstein published papers claiming space
& tie were relative and that a large amount of
energy could be released from a small amount of
matter
• After Hitler came 2 power, Einstein fled Germany
2 come to U.S.
• During war, Einstein feared Nazi Germany was
developing an atomic weapon
• Einstein wrote letter urging Roosevelt 2 support
research 2 create an atomic bomb
• Due 2 this letter Roosevelt authorized the
Manhattan Project
• Leading scientists gathered at Manhattan, N.Y.
then at Los Alamos, N.M. 2 develop atomic bomb
• In August 1945 after sudden death of Roosevelt,
Pres. Harry Truman authorized use of new atomic
bomb against Japan
• Truman hoped 2 prevent high U.S. casualties
expected in a land invasion of Japan
• On August 6, 1945, American atomic bomb was
dropped on Hiroshima
• 3 days later, 2nd bomb dropped on Nagasaki
• Fearing additional attacks Japanese leaders
convinced the emperor 2 surrender
• WWII finally came 2 an end
The U.S. Occupation of Japan (1945-1952)
• American General Douglas MacArthur, who led Pacific
campaign, assigned task of rebuilding post-war Japan
• Under his leadership important reforms made Japan less
imperialistic and less aggressive
• Japan lost overseas empire and stripped of its army &
navy
• Japan’s leaders put on trial & punished, Tojo executed at
Nuremberg Trials
• Japan was given democratic constitution
• Emperor Hirohito allowed 2 remain on throne, but his
powers drastically reduced
Page 13: Graphic Organizer
• Complete 2 graphic organizers by describing 3
main causes of WWII in Europe and Asia
• You may choose to use bubble maps or other
types of graphic organizers
• If you use bubble maps you should have 6-8
bubbles per continent
• Be sure 2 be continent specific
Page 15: Graphic Organizer
• Create a graphic organizer (your choice) for topics below
• Describe some of the changes that were brought about as
a result of WWII
• Be specific, cite your ISN notes and express your own
personal opinions
Holocaust
Nuremberg Trials
Division of Germany
Atomic Bomb
Occupation of Japan
United Nations
Page 22: Global Impact of WWII
• Global conflict unparalleled in terms of destruction
• 80 million people died, much of Europe & Asia lay in
ruins
• Germany, Japan, Italy were occupied and turned into
democratic nations
• Collapse of European power ended imperialism in
Asia & Africa
• Cost of war was more than 2 trillion $$
• Although U.S. shouldered bulk of Allied costs in war,
its distance spared it from destruction faced by other
Allied and Axis powers
Page 17: Mini-Poster
• Create a mini-poster over any WWII topic we have
studied
• I will supply you with a separate piece of copy
paper for this assignment
• Mini-poster must be colored and labeled/titled
Page 19: Atomic Bomb
• In first paragraph explain reasons why
America shouldn’t have dropped the atomic
bombs on Japanese cities of Hiroshima and
Nagasaki.
• In second paragraph explains reason why
America should’ve dropped the atomic bombs
on Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
• In the third paragraph answer this question. If
you were American President Harry S. Truman,
would you have given permission to drop the
atomic bombs on Japan? Explain your answer.
Page 21: Bubble Map: United Nations
• Create a bubble map featuring the importance
and duties of the United Nations
• 4-5 bubbles
The United Nations
• The League of Nations proved 2 be a failure
• Churchill & Roosevelt created international peacekeeping organization in 1945, the United Nations
• U.N. Charter established purpose to maintain
peace
• Members agreed 2 give up use of force except in
self-defense
• U.N. also seeks 2 eliminate hunger, disease, and
ignorance
• U.N. has a Security Council, made up of leading
powers, it can apply economic sanctions or use
military power 2 resolve disputes
• U.N. also has a General Assembly which includes
all member nations, it makes recommendations 2
the Security Council
The End