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A-maz-itr;gMushrooms Mushrooms come in all sorts of colors, shapes, and sizes. They can look like dunce caps, shelves,or spheres. Are mushrooms plants? Scientists used to divide all living things into two groups or kingdoms: the plant kingdom and the animal kingdom. Plants make their own food. They contain a green pigment called chlorophyll, which lets them use the sun's energy to turn carbon dioxide from the air and water from the soil into sugars. Animals get their food by eating plants or other animals. Mushroorns are aboveground fruitine bodies. Mushrooms do not contain chlorophyll. Like animals, they get their food secondhand, so they are not plants. But they are not animals either. So scientists decided to put them in a new kingdom named fungi. Mushrooms are among thousands of different kinds of fungi. (One is called a fungus.) The mushroom is the fruiting stage. Most of the fungus consists of hidden threadlike hyphae under the ground or in rotting wood. Fungi are important members of the decomposition team, helping rot wood and other dead material. Over 500 kinds are found in the ancient forest. ffi h# ffi Threads of a fungus are called hyphae. Hyphae comes{iom the Greek word for "web." Truffles are underground fruiting bodies. -// Spores New fungi grow from spores. Spore comesfrom the Greek word for "seed." Find your way to the mushroom through the tangled hyphae in the log. Peat Bogs - Long Term Storage Peat bogs are found in northern areas around the world. The most common plant in a peat bog is a moss with spongy leaves called sphagnum moss. Bogs are poorly drained and very acid. This is a tough environment for bacteria and the other decomposers.They cannot break down all the plant material. Over time, dead plants pack down into dense mats of peat, which looks like dark soil. Peat is coal in the making. Both peat and coal can be burned as fuel. Fens are similar to peat bogs, but some water flows through them. Grasses, sedgesand reeds grow in fens. If the water stops flowing through a fen it gradually becomesa bog. Pete Moss says bogs are like history books. They tell the story ofthe past. People digging in a bog in Chile found tent poles tied together with twine that was 12,500 years old. They could even tell what stone-agepeople had for dinner--chunks of mastodon meat and potatoes. r f/ i- . I One letter at a change a peat to a coal used for fuel PEAT animal skin ...changeafentoabog FE N worn around waist helps a fish swim you can ring it fruit weeYil in cotton thick mist water can at 100' C ring or spiral of rope 28 C--0'A L used for fuel wetland with slowly moving water B O G wetland with acid soil and standing water ri\ Answers on la'st page Grizzly or Black Bear? Grizzly bears are fiercer than black bears.You can't tell them apart by their color' The grizzly bear isn't always brown; the black bear isn't always black. And size isn't a goodclue,either.The averageweight ofa gnzzlyis 490 pounds(223k0 comparedwith 220 lbs (100kg) for a black bear.However,onemale black bear weigheda record880 pounds(a00kg). Black Bear Grizzly Bear Found in Alaska and in northwest€rn states and westerar provinces. Dished. or cavedin. face when seen from the side. Shoulderhump due to large #ffi*- ,i!t Wideepread over Canada and !!!, found in 42 states, including " ,Eo-' no"ia."rraio,,irirrr.. Faceformsa straightline " from its forehead to its nose. ,;i;, No shoulderhumo. ;ffiffil"#'#;'"'-"")!!--' *4__ trach Rarelyclimbstrees. J ?' Goodcrimber. i#lt|ll*" ;"Wtr i-=-' J Izff ftont trdck o hzel oad, aid archzd fnr These wildlife photographs have lost their labels. Label them aa"Grizzlyn 6can't tell.t "Black Beaf or .r 00 lbs. 227 kg). ^iT lNl r\lJ ll ,t$ ,ii Answers on last page