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Hello, fellow Adventurers, Mr. Marc here! On today’s episode, we went to one of the world’s most advanced ancient civilizations, or at least what’s left of it, the Maya down in Central America. While we were there we ran through the jungle, swung on vines up in the rainforest trees, played Maya ball, and climbed up the temple pyramid. Thanks to Professor Maddison, we learned many exciting facts about the Maya. We learned about the many levels in the rainforest where so many different creatures live, how the Mayans built a great civilization with temples and pyramids, and the calendars they created by following the phases of the moon and tracking the movement of the stars, all so they could know when to plant their crops. While we need to exercise our muscles to keep our bodies fit, we know we need to exercise our minds too. That’s why our team at Adventure to Fitness created these additional “mind adventures” for you to share with your students. There’s one mind adventure for each grade level, K-5. We’ve also included vocabulary and literature recommendations to increase your students’ brainpower even further. Till next time Adventurers…Keep It Moving! Mr. Marc 1 vocabulary 1. ASTRONOMER (noun): One who specializes in astronomy. 2. CALENDAR (noun): A table showing the months, weeks, and days in at least one specific year. 3. CHISEL (noun): A metal tool with a sharp beveled edge, used to cut and shape stone, wood, or metal. 4. CROP (noun): Cultivated plants or agricultural produce, such as grain, vegetables, or fruit, considered as a group. 5. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM (noun):The alimentary canal and digestive glands regarded as an integrated system responsible for the ingestion, digestion, and absorption of food. 6. FULL MOON (noun):The moon when it is visible as a fully illuminated disk. The period of the month when such a moon occurs. 7. HALF MOON (noun):The moon when only half its disk is illuminated. 8. HUMIDITY (noun): Dampness, especially of the air. 9. INSCRIPTION (noun):The act or an instance of inscribing. Something, such as the wording on a coin, medal, monument, or seal, that is inscribed. Something, such as a stone or metal tablet, that is inscribed. 10. LIMESTONE (noun): A common sedimentary rock consisting mostly of calcium carbonate, CaCO3, used as a building stone and in the manufacture of lime, carbon dioxide, and cement. 2 11. MASSIVE (adjective): Consisting of or making up a large mass; bulky, heavy, and solid. 12. MATHEMATICIAN (noun): A person skilled or learned in mathematics. 13. NEW MOON (noun): The phase of the moon occurring when it passes between the earth and the sun and is invisible or visible only as a narrow crescent at sunset. 14. PHASE (noun): One of the cyclically recurring apparent forms of the moon or a planet. 15. PROPHECY (noun): A prediction of the future, made under divine inspiration. 16. SOLSTICE (noun): Either of two times of the year when the sun is at its greatest distance from the celestial equator. The summer solstice in the Northern Hemisphere occurs about June 21, when the sun is in the zenith at the tropic of Cancer; the winter solstice occurs about December 21, when the sun is over the tropic of Capricorn. The summer solstice is the longest day of the year and the winter solstice is the shortest. A highest point or culmination. 17. SYMBOL (noun): Something that represents something else by association, resemblance, or convention, especially a material object used to represent something invisible. 18. TELESCOPE (noun): An arrangement of lenses or mirrors or both that gathers visible light, permitting direct observation or photographic recording of distant objects. 19. TIER (noun): One of a series of rows placed one above another. 3 suggested readings Barrilete: A Kite for the Day of the Dead by Elisa Amado Corn is Maize: The Gift of the Indians by Aliki Exploring Pyramids Around the World: Making Models of Geometric Solids by Orli Zuravicky In the Mayan Civilization (How'd They Do That?) by Elizabeth Scholl Mario's Mayan Journey by Michelle McCunney Mayan Weaving: A Living Tradition (Crafts of the World) by Ann Stalcup Mexico (True Books) by Elaine Landau The Chocolate Tree: A Mayan Folktale by Linda Lowery and Richard Keep You Wouldn't Want to Be a Mayan Soothsayer!: Fortunes You'd Rather Not Tell by Rupert Matthews 4 Maya Ball Suggested Grade Level: Kindergarten Common Core State Standard: Use a combination of drawing, dictating, and writing to compose informative/explanatory texts in which they name what they are writing about and supply some information about the topic. Overview: In Misterio Maya, Professor Maddison shares how the Maya played a version of basketball using their hips to get the ball in the basket. In this mind adventure, students will modify America’s pastime, baseball. Content Area: Language Arts Required Materials: Pencil Drawing paper Crayons Time Required: 20-25 minutes Procedures: 1. Discuss Maya ball with students and how with a little imagination we can change any game into a new game. 2. As a class think of ways we could slightly change the game of football, golf, tennis, etc. 3. Next, ask students to use their imaginations to create a new version of baseball. 4. Tell them to draw a picture (with labels) of their new game being played. 5. Ask students to share their ideas. 5 Starry Night Suggested Grade Level: First Grade National science Standard: The sun, moon, stars, clouds, birds, and airplanes all have properties, locations, and movements that can be observed and described. Overview: In Misterio Maya, Mr. Marc discovered four chamber walls with different patterns of stars on them. These patterns represented each of the four seasons; Spring, Summer, Fall, and Winter! In this mind adventure, students will draw a night sky and create a unique star pattern of their own. Content Area: Science Required Materials: Chalk or crayons Black construction paper Time Required: 15-20 minutes Procedures: 1. Discuss with students that there are millions of stars scattered across the sky and that sometimes they form patterns that look like people and animals. These patterns are called constellations. 2. Next, give each student a piece of black construction paper. 3. Tell them to draw a night sky filled with stars. 4. For fun, have them create a star pattern that forms the constellation, “Mr. Marc.” 6 Jungle Math Suggested Grade Level: Second Grade Common Core State Standard: Use addition and subtraction within 100 to solve oneand two-step word problems involving situations of adding to, taking from, putting together, taking apart, and comparing, with unknowns in all positions, e.g. by using drawings and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem. Overview: In this adventure, Mr. Marc and Mr. Clock journeyed through Central America to visit the land of one of the most advanced ancient civilizations, the Maya. In this mind adventure, students will practice deciphering word problems and practice their addition and subtraction facts as they retrace their steps of the journey. Subject Area: Mathematics Required Materials: Pencil Adventure to Fitness Worksheet Time Required: 15-20 minutes Procedures: 1. Write the word problems on the board or print a copy for each student to complete. 2. Encourage your students to draw simple pictures to help them translate the word sentences into number sentences. 3. Try having students make up their own word problems for their classmates or families to solve. Answer Key: 1) 8 animals 4) 5 miles 2) 4 wrappers 5) 4 darts 3) 14 fruits 7 Jungle Math Suggested Grade Level: Third Grade Common Core State Standard: Use multiplication and division within 100 to solve word problems in situations involving equal groups, arrays, and measurement quantities, e.g. by using drawings and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem. Overview: In this adventure, Mr. Marc and Mr. Clock journeyed through Central America to visit the land of one of the most advanced ancient civilizations, the Maya. In this mind adventure, students will practice deciphering word problems and practice their multiplication facts as they retrace their steps of the journey. Subject Area: Mathematics Required Materials: Pencil Adventure to Fitness Worksheet Time Required: 15-20 minutes Procedures: 1. Write the word problems on the board or print a copy for each student to complete. 2. Encourage your students to draw simple pictures to help them translate the word sentences into number sentences. 3. Try having students make up their own word problems for their classmates or families to solve. Answer Key: 1) 18 toucans 4) 10 jaguars 2) 24 wrappers 5) 12 darts 3) 15 mangos 8 Sporting Areas Suggested Grade Level: Fourth Grade Common Core State Standard: Apply the area and perimeter formulas for rectangles in real world and mathematical problems. For example, find the width of a rectangular room given the area of the flooring and the length, by viewing the area formula as a multiplication equation with an unknown factor. Overview: Mayans played a form of basketball that did not allow them to use their hands. The courts that they played on varied in size, but in some cases were very big. For example, the Great Ball Court of Chichen Itza (a Mayan city) is 225 feet wide and 545 feet long! In this lesson, students will have the chance to practice their math skills by finding the area of different sporting arenas. Content Area: Mathematics Required Materials: Pencil Adventure to Fitness Worksheet Time Required: 20-30 minutes Procedures: 1. Refer back to the episode and ask students if they remember what current sport is similar to the game the Mayans played. (Answer: basketball) 2. Ask the students where basketball is played. (Answer: basketball court) 3. Explain to students that today they are going to determine the area of different sporting arenas. 4. Distribute handout. 5. Work with the students to complete the first problem. (The area of the Great Ball Court of Chichen Itza) 6. Allow students to work individually or in pairs to solve the remaining four problems. 9 Answer Key: Great Ball Court of Chichen Itza: 225 feet wide by 545 feet long (122,625 square feet) Football field: 360 feet long by 160 feet wide (57,000 square feet) Basketball Court 94 feet long by 50 feet wide (4,700 square feet) Hockey Rink: 200 feet long by 85 feet wide (17,000 square feet) Soccer Field: 390 feet long by 300 feet wide (117,000 square feet) 10 Be Kind to Yourselves and the Planet Suggested Grade Level: Fifth Grade Common Core State Standard: Write opinion pieces on topics or texts, supporting a point of view with reasons and information. Overview: In addition to great exercise and learning a bit about Mayan culture, Mr. Marc and his crew talked about the importance of eating at the right time of the day, wearing sunscreen, and got after Mr. Lazy for littering. In this writing activity, students will use their writing skills to persuade others regarding a specific topic covered in this episode. Content Area: Language Arts Required Materials: Paper Pencil Time Required: 30 minutes Procedures: 1. Ask students to think about the different things they learned in this episode about living better (drinking water, exercising, wearing sunscreen, not littering, eating at the right time of day). Write this list on the board. 2. Ask students to select one of these topics and to think of three reasons why someone should or should not include it as part of their lifestyle. Have students write this list on their paper. 3. Ask students to write a persuasive letter/essay trying to convince someone of their topic using the reasons they gave. 11