Download Genetics Review

This is your WHAT TO KNOW paper. It is a study guide and an intro and includes the thigns
that you need to know to do well on your assessments for this topic. The questions will not be
the same as your assessment questions, they will be different questions over the same topics.
1) Know all the following terms and how they relate to one another. Be able to give examples or
recognize them in a scenario:
 Protein
 Purebred
 Peptide bond
 Hybrid
 Mendel’s Laws
 Dominant
 Law of Segregation
 Recessive
 Law of Independent Assortment
 Punnett Square
 Law of Dominance
 Probability
 Heterozygous
 Heredity
 Homozygous
 Gamete
 Phenotype
 Meiosis
 Genotype
 Test Cross
 Allele
 Parental generation (P1)
 Trait
 Filial generations (F1 and F2)
Be able to explain all the topics below. Some of these things you should know already, some
you will need to fill in after the lecture. You can seek out your own answers, but this paper
should but used throughout the topic, not just once.
2)
3)
4)
5)
Explain why DNA still a central molecule in this unit.
State, explain, and give examples and scenarios of Mendel’s Laws
Explain how probability relates to genetics.
Know how to use math values for Mendel inheritance probability. You can use these examples to
check that you are able to do this:
AaBBcc * aabbcc  aaBbcc
aaBBCcDd * AaBbCCdd  aaBbCcdd
AABBCCDD * aabbccdd  AaBbCcDD
6) Describe a test cross, what genotypes are best for this and why you would need to do this.
7) Explain how gametes are a part of genetics.
8) Identify all the possible ways to get genetic diversity from one generation to the next.
9) How are genes related to chromosomes?
10) Describe difference between a gamete and a zygote.
11) If given a parental genotype, be able to determine the different gametes that parent can produce.
12) Know how calculate phenotypic and genotypic ratios.
13) Review all of the basic genetics crosses using Punnett Squares.
For practice, answer the questions below:
14) Who is considered the “Father of Genetics”?
15) What were his 3 Laws? Explain what each law mean.
16) What is the difference between genotype and phenotype? (How do you write genotype?) (What are
alleles?)
17) If tall is dominant over short, how would you write alleles to demonstrate this?
18) What does it mean is we have a homozygote (homozygous) individual?
19) What does it means if we have a heterozygote (heterozygous) individual?
20) What are dominant traits?
21) What term is used to describe the opposite of a dominant trait?
22) What is a Punnett Square used for?
23) What does probability mean?
24) Define heredity
25) What is a purebred organism? What do the alleles have to look like?
26) What organism did the Father of Genetics work with?
27) What do gametes and meiosis have to do with genetics?
28) Using the same info as above, cross 2 hybrid black dogs and give the same information. SHOW
ALL YOUR WORK!
29)
30) What is a test cross?
31)
32) What are P1, F1, F2 notations referring to? (What do they stand for?)
33)
34) What does DNA have to do with genetics?
35)
36) What does meiosis have to do with genetics?
37)
38) Did Mendel identify all possible genetic inheritance patterns? Why or why not?
39)
Set up the Punnet squares for each of the crosses listed below. Round seeds are dominant to
wrinkled seeds.
Rr x rr
What percentage of the offspring will be round?
RR x rr
What percentage of the offspring will be round?
RR x Rr
What percentage of the offspring will be round?
Rr x Rr
What percentage of the offspring will be round?
Practice with Crosses. Show all work!
1) A TT (tall) plant is crossed with a tt (short plant).
What percentage of the offspring will be tall?
2) A Tt plant is crossed with a Tt plant.
What percentage of the offspring will be short?
3) A heterozygous round seeded plant (Rr) is crossed with a homozygous round
seeded plant (RR).
What percentage of the offspring will be homozygous (RR)?
4) A homozygous round seeded plant is crossed with a homozygous wrinkled
seeded plant.
What are the genotypes of the parents? __________ x __________
What percentage of the offspring will also be homozygous?
5) In pea plants purple flowers are dominant to white flowers.
If two white flowered plants are cross, what percentage
of their offspring will be white flowered?
6) A white flowered plant is crossed with a plant that is heterozygous for the trait.
What percentage of the offspring will have purple flowers?
7) Two plants, both heterozygous for the gene that controls flower color are crossed.
What percentage of their offspring will have purple flowers?
What percentage will have white flowers?
In guinea pigs, the allele for short hair is dominant.
8) What genotype would a heterozygous short haired guinea pig have?
9) What genotype would a purebreeding short haired guinea pig have?
10) What genotype would a long haired guinea pig have?
11) Show the cross for a pure breeding short haired guinea pig and a long haired
guinea pig.
What percentage of the offspring will have short hair?
12) Show the cross for two heterozygous guinea pigs.
What percentage of the offspring will have short hair?
What percentage of the offspring will have long hair?
13) Two short haired guinea pigs are mated several times. Out of 100 offspring, 25 of them have
long hair. What are the probable genotypes of the parents? Show the cross to prove it!