Download Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom Vocabulary The

Vocabulary
Ahupua'a – word for the Ancient Hawaiian community.
They stretched from the mountains to the sea. Land
and resources were shared.
Ali'i – Chiefs
Maka'ainana – Commoners
Haole – foreigner (white person)
Tariff – import tax
Reciprocity treaty – an agreement between two
countries, usually related to trade, where each country
gets something out of the agreement.
Sovereignty – power, control
Militia – private army
Pu'uloa – Pearl Harbor
Overthrow of the
Hawaiian Kingdom
Background Information & Causes
THE GREAT MĀHELE
THE RECIPROCITY TREATY
THE BAYONET CONSTITUTION
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Reasons for The Great Māhele
The Great Māhele
In 1848 King Kamehameha III,
with the help of his Land
Commission, moved Hawai'i
towards a system of private land
ownership.
Up until this point Hawaiians had
lived in communities called
ahupua'a where land was shared.
This event was called The Great
Māhele because Māhele means
‘to divide’. The land needed to be
divided among all Hawaiians.
Kamehameha III had many
missionary advisors who
told him that unless
Hawaiians changed from
living in ahupua'a to
owning private land that
the Hawaiian economy
wouldn’t grow
Kamehameha III believed
that in order to move
Hawai'i forward he needed
to do what the
missionaries said.
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Aftermath of the Great Māhele
Results of the Great Māhele
The division process was
confusing, chaotic and unfair
As a result the Maka'ainana
(commoners) were left with
less than 1% of the total land.
The King received 23%
The Government received 37%
The Alii (chiefs) received 39%.
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The Ali'i were now expected to pay property
taxes on their land. Many did not understand
how to raise the money necessary to do this.
Some Ali'i took out loans from banks to pay taxes
and couldn’t pay them back so the banks took
their land away.
Some sold some land to foreigners to help pay the
taxes on the rest.
More and More land ended up in foreign
hands.
By 1890, 3 out of every 4 privately owned
acres were in foreign (haole) hands.
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Quick Quiz
Aftermath of the Great Māhele
1. What was the Great
Māhele?
2. Who began it? In what
year?
3. Why did he agree to it?
4. What were the results
of the Great Māhele?
5. What was the
aftermath?
6. What is the connection
between the Māhele
and sugar cane?
The foreigners used the
land for commercial
agriculture, mostly for
growing sugar.
As a result of the Great
Māhele and its
aftermath, the sugar
industry became a
powerful force in
Hawai'i’s economy and
politics.
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The Reciprocity Treaty
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Reciprocity Treaty Signed!
Sugar had become a very
important part of Hawai'i’s
economy.
The U.S. had tariffs (import taxes)
on sugar from foreign countries
(including Hawai'i).
Because of this, buying Hawaiian
Sugar in the United States was
more expensive than buying
sugar grown in the United States.
Initially the United States demanded the right to build a
naval station at Pearl Harbor in return for a reciprocity
treaty (trade agreement between two countries). This
idea was rejected by King David Kalākaua.
After years of failed negotiations and disagreements on
both sides, Hawai'i and the United States agreed to a
reciprocity treaty, allowing Hawaiian sugar imports to be
sold in the U.S. free from tariffs.
It was signed in 1875 by King David Kalākaua and U.S.
President Ulysses S. Grant.
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Can you guess who is who?
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Terms of the Reciprocity Treaty
Results of the Reciprocity Treaty
Benefits to Hawai'i
After the treaty was signed
sugar production boomed
The Hawaiian economy
expanded and grew.
Downtown Honolulu started to
look more like San Francisco
than the slow-moving
Hawaiian town it once was.
Hawaiian sugar could now be sold in the
U.S. without tariffs (extra import taxes)
Benefits to the United States
Hawai'i couldn’t sell sugar to any other
country besides the United States
Hawai'i couldn’t sign a reciprocity treaty
with a country besides the United States
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Problems for King Kalākaua
Reciprocity Treaty Renewal
In 1883 The reciprocity treaty
expired and the U.S. and Hawai'i
tried to negotiate and new
agreement.
The U.S. again tried to negotitate
the rights to build a naval station
at Pearl Harbor (Pu'uloa) and
again King Kalākaua refused. He
believed that giving a foreign
country a foothold in his Kingdom
was a recipe for disaster.
He began trying to find another
country to sign a reciprocity treaty
with
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Business Community Anger
King Kalākaua’s decision
not to extend the reciprocity
treaty angered the business
community of Honolulu
Businessmen
Bankers
Sugar Planters
They believed that the
Hawaiian economy would
suffer greatly if the treaty
wasn’t extended
They were not really
concerned about Hawaiian
sovereignty
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Quick Quiz
The leader of the Business
Community of Honolulu at
this times was Lorrin
Thurston (the grandson of
missionaries).
He helped form a militia
(private army) called the
Honolulu Rifles.
He also led the Hawaiian
League - an organization
of businessmen,
merchants and sugar
planters.
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1. What is a reciprocity treaty?
2. What were the benefits to Hawai'i
for signing one with the U.S?
3. What were the benefits to the U.S.
for signing one with Hawai'i?
4. What happened to Hawai'i’s
economy as a result of the
reciprocity treaty?
5. Why didn’t King Kalākaua want to
sign the reciprocity treaty
extension?
6. Who was the leader of the
Business community in Honolulu
at the time?
7. What organizations did he lead?
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The Bayonet Constitution
(1887)
Business Community Anger
In 1887, after 3 years with no
renewal of the Reciprocity
Treaty, the Honolulu Rifles
and the Hawaiian League
demanded changes to the
constitution to strip King
Kalākaua of his power.
They forced him at gunpoint
to sign a new constitution that
Lorrin Thurston had written
himself.
The Constitution of 1887
has come to be known as
the Bayonet Constitution
because of how King
Kalākaua was forced to
sign it.
It took away his power of
veto
It also disenfranchised
(didn’t allow to vote) poorer
Hawaiians – those without
land – and Asian
immigrants.
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Later that Year…
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Reciprocity Treaty Extended
As A result of the fact that poorer Hawaiians and
Asian immigrants could no longer vote, the
Hawaiian Legislature became dominated by the
foreign business/missionary community.
After the new constitution was signed and
elections were held, the Hawaiian League was
able to get the legislature to pass the Reciprocity
treaty extension that Kalākaua had objected to.
This time, King Kalākaua was powerless to stop
it.
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With the King Powerless to
stop it, the foreign dominated
Hawaiian legislature passed
the extension to the
Reciprocity Treaty which…
Continued the tariff-free
relationship between
Hawai'i and the U.S.
Gave Pearl Harbor
(Pu'uloa) to the United
States for the construction
of a Naval Station
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Explain each of the following
and how one led to the other
Quick Quiz
1. What is the Bayonet
Constitution?
2. Why is it called that?
3. Who wrote it?
4. What were the two
main things that it took
away?
5. What happened as a
result of it being
signed?
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The Great Māhele.
The Reciprocity Treaty.
The Bayonet Constitution.
What role did the U.S. (either government or
citizens) play in these?
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