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PSRC WG C17 in support of PES WG17 Draft 1 May 26, 2009 Fault current contribution from a wind farm to a transmission system. This document is prepared to indicate the type of information regarding fault current contributions from wind farms for use in interconnection impact studies. Knowledge of contribution of fault current from a wind farm to a transmission system is required to asses the impact of the wind farm interconnection to the short circuit protection of the transmission system. Recognizing that it may be difficult to model the wind farm as a constant voltage source behind a Thevenin equivalent impedance, the contributions from the wind farm to the faulted transmission system under the following circumstances shall be provided. All currents shall be provided as fundamental frequency phasor current values in amperes (magnitude and angle with respect to pre-fault A phase voltage) in the indicated time frames. Phasor values for all three phase currents and all three phase to neutral voltages at the high voltage side of the wind turbine step-up transformer and at the point of interconnection are required. Currents and voltages are required for the following time frames: Subtransient, 1 fundamental frequency cycle after the fault inception. Transient, 0.3 seconds after the fault inception In addition, for resistive single line to ground faults, the currents and voltages are also required 1 second after fault inception. In all cases, currents and voltages shall be stated for the following fault types. Three phase fault (ABCG) zero ohm fault impedance Double line to ground fault (BCG) zero ohm fault impedance Phase to phase fault (BC) zero ohm fault impedance Single line to ground fault (AG) zero ohm fault impedance Optionally, single line to ground fault (AG) XX ohm fault resistance (utility to specify XX) Voltages and currents for faults at the point of interconnection (shown as location F1 on the attached system one line diagram) Voltages and currents for faults at the HV side of the wind farm step up transformer (shown as location F2 on the attached system one line diagram) Voltages and currents for faults at the end of one adjacent transmission branch to the point of interconnection. Shown as location F3 on the attached system one line diagram. Optionally, voltages and currents for faults at the end of another adjacent transmission branch to the point of interconnection. Shown as location F4 on the attached system one line diagram. Case 1. Full power generation from the wind farm, all generators on line. All reactive power support equipment on line under voltage regulation mode. 1 PSRC WG C17 in support of PES WG17 Draft 1 May 26, 2009 Case 2. Minimum generation from the wind farm. All generators off line. All reactive power support equipment in the expected status for this condition and under voltage regulation mode. Case 3. Single contingency. Branch L2 on the transmission network out of service (or other selected contingency), and full power generation from the wind farm, all generators on line. All reactive power support equipment on line under voltage regulation mode. Neglect contributions to faults at any given location if the contingency selected results in no significant electrical connection from the wind farm to the fault location. Note, all impedances in Figure 1 are in per unit on a 100 MVA base at a base voltage of XX kV. Z1S1=R1S1+jX1S1 Z0S1=R0S1+jX0S1 Z1S2=R1S2+jX1S2 Z0S2=R0S2+jX0S2 Z1L1=R1L1+jX1L1 Z0L1=R0L1+jX0L1 Z1L2=R1L2+jX1L2 Z0L2=R0L2+jX0L2 Impedances from the wind farm to the point of interconnection are provided by the project proponent. In addition to the various currents and voltages to be provided for the various faults at the indicated locations for the indicated cases, also provide indicate if there is a threshold voltage at the point of interconnection at which the fault current contribution changes suddenly. For instance if a crowbar function or other electronic control device will operate when the voltage falls below a certain threshold. Specify the characteristics of the threshold voltage with respect to voltage balance. I.e., characterize the threshold with voltage depression (phase to neutral) on only one or two phases and (phase to phase) on two phases, as might be expected during an unbalanced short circuit. Identify the change in characteristic of the fault current contribution when the voltage threshold is passed. S1 L1 L2 F3 HV Terminal of step up tfr. (Fault location F2) F4 Point of interconnection (Fault location F1) Wind farm Figure 1 - Simplified transmission system diagram 2 S2