Download CHART Time Traveler Activity

Name ____________________________________________
CHART Chapters 15-18
Theme
Chapter 15
Chapter 16
The Maritime Revolution
Transformations in Europe
1. Interaction
between
humans and
the
environment.
2. Development
and interaction
of cultures.
3. State-building,
expansion, and
conflict
4. Creation,
expansion and
interaction of
economic
systems
5. Development
and
transformation
of social
structures
Chapter 17
American Colonies
Chapter 18
The Atlantic System & Africa
~ Polynesian peoples settled throughout Pacific
Ocean; colonized islands; spread of languages
~ China – Zheng He/Ming Dynasty led exploratory
voyages throughout Indian Ocean; strong
navy/Chinese junk (larger than caravel)
~ Portugal – Navigation school (Prince Henry)
~ Tech. (Astrolabe, Compass, New maps)
~ Euro. Explore Conquer  Christianize 
Colonize  make $$$$$
~ Smallpox – mass killer of native Americans
~ European motives (Portugal & Spain) – God,
Glory, & Gold
~ Because Christianity was the dominant religion of
Europe, it will become the dominant/main
religion in the new areas of the world colonized
~ Euro.’s use caravels/Chinese use junks
~ Magellan attempts to circumnavigate the world
~ European encounters with Aztec & Inca indians
~ Greater knowledge of tradewind patterns for
sailing
~ Euro. Explore Conquer  Christianize 
Colonize  make $$$$$
~ Spain (colonizes Mexico/New Spain & rest of
MesoAmerica, except Brazil)
~ Portugal (colonizes Brazil)
~ Treaty of Tordesillas settles the land that Spain &
Portugal are able to control in the world
~ The Columbian Exchange – transfer of diseases
(smallpox), animals, & plants (maize, cassava,
tomato, potato, etc…
~ Smallpox kills about 50% of native population
~ Settlements in the Americas (i.e. New Spain,
Peru, N. America) – Europeans seek to control
their new colonies on behalf of the mother
country
~ Atlantic Slave Trade – Middle Passage
~ 25-50% mortality rate; mainly due to disease
~ Middle Passage most difficult part of journey
~ Slaves take to Brazil & W. Indies (Caribbean) to
work on sugar plantations
~ Plantation owners control islands, slaves hard
laborers, most slaves die due to disease in the
Tropics & harsh working conditions
~ Christianization becomes common in the New
World, Christianity becomes the official
religion of the New World
~ Puritans/Pilgrims seek religious freedom from
Britain/Netherlands & migrate to American
colonies to make settlements
~ Tobacco/silver mining factories (Potosi) created
~ Most slaves become Christianized, but still retain
many of their African customs & religious
traditions
~ Plantation culture becomes more Creole (blend of
African & European cultures & language)
~ Sunday becomes an important cultural day for the
slaves
~ Council of the Indies – dominated how Spanish
colonies operated in the New World
~ Spain – use Viceroys (responsible as leaders or in
charge of the colony in the name of the
king/queen)
~ House of Burgesses – democratic institution that
helped lead British colonies
~ Iroquois Confederacy – alliance of Indian tribes
~ Dutch W. India Company controlled early
economies of W. Indies (Barbados) 16-17th cent.
~ Power of the plantations was in the hands of the
plantocracy – rich men who owned most of the
slaves & most of the land.
~ Maroons – Caribbean runaway slaves regulated
slave revolts
~ Tacky – led slave revolt in Jamaica
~ China – established trade contacts throughout
the Indian Ocean, Middle East & Africa
~ Spain – Columbus discovers New World
with the attempt to find a new route to the
worlds spices
~ Portugal – leads in global exploration (B.
Dias, Vasco da Gama, Magellan) = leads to
control of Spice Islands (E. Indies)
~ V. da Gama – establishes trade contacts/ports
in India
~ Euro. Explore Conquer  Christianize 
~ Encomienda system (i.e. New Spain, physically
devastating, attempt to Christianize indians,
hard physical labor for natives, seen as
extremely harsh by B. de las Casas)
~ Mita system (i.e. Peru/Bolivia, physically
devastating, harsh labor, silver mining
~ Europeans made a profit by selling the raw
materials of the colonies (i.e. silver, tobacco,
cotton, indigo, sugar, etc…)
~ Triangular Trade (most slaves purchased in
exchange for guns, textiles, and liquor)
~Slaves work at taking raw materials away from
colonies in order for European use
~Sugar plantations were the primary business on the
islands
~Mercantilism & Capitalism at this time
~Sugar, Tobacco & Cotton primary $$$ crops at this
~ Social system of Americas – Peninsulares (Europeans)
 Creoles (American-born Europeans)  Mestizos
& Mulattos (1/2 European & ½ Indian or Black) 
Indians & Africans
~ Indentured servants (obligatory or forced labor of the
British colonies – indenture = contract) – made up
80% of all migrants to the British colonies – worked
for a set number of years (4-7) to pay off/work off
passage to New World
~ Social hierarchy in the plantations; plantation owners 
free slaves/ ½ slave ½ whites  maroons  slaves
~ Most slaves in the plantations were men
~ Drivers – slaves who controlled and supervised the
plantations
~ Children were used as slaves in groups known as grass
gangs
~ Slaves worked in gangs
~ Sunday was a day of rest; farming their own land
Colonize  make $$$$$
Spain – Hernan Cortes leads conquest of
Mexico & Moctezuma & Francisco Pizarro
leads conquest of Peru & Atahualpa
King Afonso of Africa – places trust in
Portuguese govt., and complains of the
effects of Portuguese businessmen/slave
trading on his land
Name: _________________________________ Period: _____
Unit 4 (600-1450 CE)
Chapters 15-18
I.
Interaction between humans and the environment
o Migration
o Patterns of settlement
o Technology
o Demography and disease
II.
Development and interaction of cultures
o Religion
o Belief systems, philosophies, and ideologies
o Science and technology
o The arts and architecture
III.
State-building, expansion, and conflict
o Political structures and forms of governance
o Empires
o Nations and Nationalism
o Revolts and Revolution
o Regional, transregional, and global structures and
organizations
AP Themes Chart
Ch. 15
The Maritime Revolution
 European exploration, Encounters w/Europe, Fall of Aztecs/Inca
Ch. 16
Transformations in Europe
Ch. 17
The Diversity of American Colonial Societies
IV. Creation, expansion, and interaction of economic systems
o
o
o
o
o
 Reformation, Counter Reformation, Scientific Revolution
 Columbian Exchange, Spanish America, English/French colonies
Ch. 18
The Atlantic System & Africa
 Slave Trade, Plantations in the W. Indies, Atlantic Economy
V.
Agriculture and pastoral production
Trade and commerce
Labor systems
Industrialization
Capitalism and socialism
Development and transformation of social structures
o Gender roles and relations
o Family and kinship
o Racial and ethnic constructions
o Social and economic classes