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C lassical onversations ® ESSENTIALS The Program This two-hour, afternoon class is designed to prepare fourth- through sixth-grade students for the Challenge program. This power-packed course is the perfect complement to our Foundations program, but any family may participate. Language structure and analysis, writing structure and style, and arithmetic speed and accuracy are the essential components of this popular 24-week program. The Essentials of the English Language program (EEL) is a complete language arts program that takes students beyond the worksheet. Mixing strategic memorization of vocabulary, rules, and lists with a series of analytical tasks, EEL teaches students how to thoughtfully analyze sentence construction. The result is strong language construction and usage skills—both written and oral. EEL Analytical Tasks and Confirmations: 1) Grammar and Recitation 2) Sentence Confirmation 3) Question Confirmation 4) Diagramming Confirmation 5) Modification Confirmation 6) Quid et Quo Confirmation C lassical onversations CONNECTED ® The Community Continuing to capitalize on the “community dynamic,” students present writing assignments and enjoy games, drills, and team-building mini-competitions that strengthen the essential language and arithmetic skills. Students emerge confident to tackle higher language and math courses when these simple, yet often neglected, skills are mastered. The Classical Model Classical Education trains students to learn any information through a three-step process: 1) Memorize vocabulary and rules (grammar) 2) Process new concepts (dialectic or logic) 3) Clearly, persuasively, and logically use grammar knowledge to influence others (rhetoric) —Leigh Bortins Echo in Celebration: A Call to Home-Centered Education Our online community provides many additional resources for memory work and a fuller learning experience. Membership is through subscription, but registered Essentials families receive a substantial subscription discount. ClassicalConversations.com The Partnership Students and their parents meet for two hours each week after Foundations. A trained tutor facilitates class time, but like Foundations, parents also participate with their children. “... a good education teaches a child how to build a [place in] the mind for every subject. You not only feed children information to [retain], but help the students see ways to organize the information for quick retrieval… …When the organizational system is mastered, which means quickly accessible and confidently retrieved, the information becomes very useful and can be dialectically synthesized into any new idea.” —Leigh Bortins ClassicalConversationsBooks.com ESSENTIALS Students Will Learn… Essentials of the English Language Lesson Overview (45 minutes) Essentials of the English Language Weekly Lesson Basic capitalization and punctuation; phonograms; sentence structures, patterns, and purposes; eight parts of speech plus specific classifications for verbs, nouns, pronouns, sentence diagramming; and more! IEW Unit Overview (45 minutes) IEW’s HistoryBased Writing Lessons Assignment Different writing structures using IEW writing models, as well as techniques to polish any writing style. Drills from MegaFun Card-Game Math Math Curriculum of Choice Greater speed and accuracy in mental arithmetic as students prepare for success in algebra and beyond. S E N T E N C E CL ASSIFICATION 4 structures Compound Complex (FANBOYS) (www.asia.wub,who/which) 4 purposes Exclamatory (!) 7 patterns AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE Simple Structure Structure/ Pattern suffix Purpose one-word adve rb, no adverb + -ly ord Adv Essential Sentence Jesus wept. S-Vt-DO Jesus1. loves me. Noun(N) S/D Verb-transitive DirectObject S Vt DO loves Subject Verb-linking PredicateNominative S Vl PN S-Vl-PN S-Vl-PA S-Vt-IO-DO Pattern PurposeJesus together. (c) ect words, phra ses, or clauses* cOORDINA is S-Vi S/E S/E 5. Conjunction(C) S S-Vt-DO Vt me PA Essential holy Sentence Jesus wept! An interject An interjecti how in order that lest so that than though until whenever wherever why S S/E INTERJE ion is a wor d or phrase used as a stro on is set apar DirectObject t from the sent ence DO Vt We play when we are young. When we are youn DO OCN are young. we finish our work. Ns pRONOU himself holy a verb. KEy: Purpose:D-Declarative,E-Exclamatory,int.-interrogative,imp.-imperativeStructure:S-Simple,Cd-Compound,Cx-Complex,Cd-Cx-Compound-Complex www.ClassicalCo ClassicalConversations.com Exclamatory S-Vi S-Vt-DO Complex Compound-Complex Interrogative S-Vl-PN S-Vl-PA Imperative S-Vt-IO-DO S-Vt-DO-OCN S-Vt-DO-OCA of feeling or Limiting: articles, numbers, other pronouns Type: intransitive, transitive, linking, helping Tense: present, past, future Form: simple, perfect, progressive, perfect progressive Number: singular, plural Person: 1st, 2nd, 3rd Voice: active, passive Mood: indicative, subjunctive, imperative NOUNS Simple - degree: positive, comparative, superlative A noun names a person, place, thing, activit To find Flexional - degree: positive, comparative, superlative a subject y, or idea. (N) noun (SN), ask, “Who (verb)? For other usages, see ” or “What (verb)?” Affirmative, Negative the Question Confirm ation. CONJUNCTION: coordinating, subordinating, correlative, conjunctive NOU N USAG ES INTErJECTION Subject Noun (SN) ...the roles or jobsadverbial, PrEPOSITION (PHrASE): a noun adjectival can have in a sentenc e. VErBAL: gerund, participle, infinitive Possessive Noun emotion. (I) PRONOU A pronoun replaces a noun To find a subject pronoun in order to avoid repetition. (P) (SP), ask, “Who (verb)?” or “What ( PERS ONA L PRON C Direct Objeclassi cal t (DO) onversa s® Object of the Prepotion sition (OP) tRivium tAb les Predicate Nominative (PN) SE Objec NT EN CE Plural Sometimes two or more words can act as a prepo Examples: sition: according to due to in front of in addition to in spite of up to instead of ahead of out of because of with the excep by way of tion of except for in back of along with in case of away from Some of these words can act as adverbs when not followed by they are a noun. Examples: The children playe d outside. They threw the ball around. Concrete Abstract compound complex dog Subject letter Rover one dog Imtwoper words joined ativ e (.togethe !) r Subject 3. Verb (V) 4. Adverb (AV) 5. Conjunctio n (C) 6. Interjection (I) 7. Preposition (Pr) 8. Adjective (AJ) 5 parts of a sen tence: 1. Subject (S) 2. Verb (V) 3. Capital Lette r Vi 4. End Mark (. ? !) 5. Complete Sens e it we comp ound complex Subject s Subject s Jesus Subject s Jesus Jesus they Test Demonstrative DO Pronouns Interrogative Pronouns loves Indefinite pN s God Relative Pronouns Verb-linking Predicate Adject ive Vl Vt made Indirect Object IO who, whom, whose, who, whom, whose, Direct Object DO me Verb-transitive crown Vt calls Direct Object Verb-transitive Vt DO himself calls Direct Object DO himself his hers (not used ours yours theirs The car is __ He drove ___ which, what all, another, any, anybody , anyone, anything, everything, few, many, bot more, most, neither, nobo somebody, someone , such holy Verb-transitive mine yours S: pA is Independ Subject Predicate Direct O Object of this, that, these, those me Predicate Nomin Pronoun ative is Tom saw ______. Verb-linking Vl us them ______ will go. Direct Object Subject s 3rd Person OTHE R PRON OUN Vt Jesus Jesus Rhim you (FANBOYS + you www.asia.wu b, who/which) wept Verb-transitive doghouse 8 parts of spe ech: 1. Noun (N) 2. Pronoun (P) s Jesus pack (ofsdogs) you it 1st Person Verb-intransitive dogs Subject members me you lish he GRA mmA (www.asia.wub, who/which) 2nd Person Exc lam more than ato one ry (!) a group composed of masculine 3rd Person neuter Interrogative (?) Collective I 2nd Person den3rd tsPerson of enG 112 different types of3rd sente nces can be create Person the four struc tures ×feminin four purpo e ses × she d by combining her seven patterns. Examples non-spe Declarcificative (.) specific, requires a capital s can be experienced with the five senses pawJesu concept, quality, or s be experienced withcondition that cannot the five senses loyalty Compound 1st Person de foR stu Posse Prono Direct Object Object of Preposition Indirect Object Subject Predicate Nominativ e Use for: Noun Adjectives: collar A Qui ckdog Reflight eRe nce Gui porch (FANBOYS) NOUN Objective Pronouns EnglishGramm ar A noun can also be used as an adjective or adverb. Noun Adverbs: t Complement Noun CL AS) SIFWe (OCN IC ranAT homeIO . N 4 stru We ate pizza yesterda Noun of Direct Addre y. ss (NDA) ctures Appositive (AP) simple OUN S: Subjective (Nominative) Pronouns Adjective (PNA) Indirect Object (IO) a holy? calls Imperative (.!) Interrogative (?) www.ClassicalConversationsBooks.com outside S/Int. over concerning whether/or Examples: past after not only/but either Tom or down also Sue not/but regarding against whet neith her er Tom Tom Does Jesus love me? or Whoboth loves me? S/Imp. S-Vt-DO Love me. S/Int. S-Vt-DO during or nor Sue since not only Tom Sue along Tom and Sue but also Sue except not Tom but through amid Sue for throughout EssentialsoftheEnglishLanguage www.ClassicalConversationsBooks.com S/Int. S-Vl-PN Is Jesus God? or Who is God? S/Imp. S-Vl-PN Be God. among from RELATIVE pRO to around NOUNs intro in subordinate duce adjectiva toward at l es* and relate inside S/Int. S-Vl-PA Is Jesus holy? or Who isclaus holy? S/Imp. Be holy. atop cON JUNcTIVE ADS-Vl-PA them to the word modifiy. They under Multi-Word Adje VERBs they are used in a into ctives: complex sente accordingly underneath that before pHRAsE: The nce. henc who boy in the field e like although Did Jesus make me a crown? or Who nevertheless chased the cat. whommade me a until beh ind -IO-DO S/Imp. S-V t -IO-DO Make me a crown. S/Int.cLAUsE: The S-V howe whose ver boytwho besid near es played baseball crown? similarly which Example: The up ran. below indeed ©2011 class boy, who cried consequently ical conversati still of wolf, was not being ons® multimed moreover upon beneath ia furthermore truthful. www.classicalc therefore Did Jesus call himself Master? or Who called off onversationsbo whilet-DO-OCN S/Imp. meanS-V Call yourself S/Int. S-Vt-DO-OCN with oks.com beside master. thus *A clause is a group himself Master? on of words which with has both a subjec betw in een t and a onto A phrase is a group without of words which beyond Did Jesus call himself holy? or Who callsverb. himself does not have both S/Imp. S-V -DO-OCA Call yourself holy. out S/Int. S-Vt-DO-OCA a subject t and Jesus Compound Declarative sentence pattern(s): Possessive ATTRIBUTES Common Prepositions oun to anot are her word. (pr) ...ways to describe a its object, and always followed by a noun Proper noun. the modifiers which is calle between them d the “object of create a “pre positional phra the preposition.” The prep se.” Singular osition, 1.Subject(S) 4. EndMark(.?!) S-Vt-DO-OCA Jesus calls himself holy. S/E Note: someS-V t-DO-OCA Jesus calls himself holy! of these words can also be used 2. Verb(V)cOR 5. CompleteSense preposition RELATIVE pRO Subjects. Verb-transitive as DirectObject ObjectComplementAdj. about NOUNs alwa but ys come in pairs 3. CapitalLetter above OCA and connect S either/or Vt DO by word s of neither/nor equaliimportanc S-Vi Did Jesus weep? or Who wept? S/Imp. S-V Weep. across e. both/and S/D CTIONS ng expression PREPO SITION S g, we play. Since we S-V A prep t-DO-OCN Jesus calls himself Master! are youn ositiMaster Jesus calls himself on rela tes a noun or We play becau g, we play. pron se we We play after Simple sentence purpose: Descriptive - degree: positive, comparative, superlative by either an exclamation Oh, give than mark or a com ks ma. Ouch! The bee to the Lord, for He is good ! stung me! Wow! We can do great thin gs together! A phrase may also act as an interjection as in, Oh my good Interjections ness! or Oh boy! connected to are diagrammed on a sepa the sentence rate line abov . e the sentence since they are not grammati cally Jesus loves me! IO Personal Pronoun: Case: nominative, objective, possessive Person: 1st, 2nd, 3rd Number: singular, plural Gender: masculine, feminine, neuter, common Other Pronoun: demonstrative, interrogative, indefinite, reflexive, relative Introduced Week 1 God indirectObject Number: singular, plural Type: common, proper concrete, abstract, collective, compound INATING co made Jesus meis God! crown Pronoun(P)sUBORD 6. interjection(i) Jesus2. is God. S/E Jesus S-Vl-PN njunctions intro they modify. duce adverbial They are used subordinate in complex sente clauses* and nces. Rememb 3. Verb(V) when 7.whil Preposition(Pr) relate them to the word e where Jesus is holy. S/Eer: www.asia.wubS-V l-PA Jesus is holy! . . as since if although 4. Adverb(AV) More8.subo Adjective(AJ) rdinating conju . whereas unle nctions: after ss becauseDirectObject ObjectComplementNoun but that Jesus made me a crown. S/E Subject S-VtVerb-transitive -IO-DO Jesus made me a crown! as if Examples: that as long as as soon as as though before sentence structure: A diAlectic desktop foR students of enGlish GRAmmAR Write the sentence, one word per block. Jesus TING conjun ctions connect compound subj grammatically ects, compoun equal words d verbs, or com or groups of pound sentence words like s. Remember: FANVerb-transitive and BOys. Subject nor but or yet so S-Vt-DO-OCN Jesus5calls himself Parts of aMaster. Sentence: S/D Subject Vl Quid et Quo Label the usage (job or role) of each word. wept CONJU N C T IS ONS is a word used Structure/ to conn ® a S/D Declarative (.) DEGREE positive (swift ), comparative (more swiftly ), superlative (most swiftly) ADJEC An adjective TIVES modifies a noun or pronoun by Adjectives answ describing, qual er the questions ifying, or limi : What kind? Whic ting. (AJ) One-Word Adje h one? How many ctives: ? Whose? DEscRIpTIVE tell “what kind beautiful, glori ?” ous, honest, crim son, etc. DEGREE positive (stron g ), comparati pOssEssIVE ve (stronger), tell “whose?” superlative (stron gest) possessive Nou n Adjectives the girl’s smile possessive prop , the book’s cove er Noun Adje r ctives Joshu a’s book, Timo possessive pron thy’s diligence oun Adjective s my, your, his, her, its, our, their LIMITING tell “which one? ” or “how man y?” or “which?” Article Adjective s a, an (inde finite articles); the (defi Number nite article) one car, a milli on books Demonstrative This book is won derful. Indefinite Some books are on 398 the Interrogative shelf. Which book was on the shelf? S/D A conjunction for 8 Parts of Speech: erbs: pHRAsE: The boy ran in the field. cLAUsE The boy ran when his friend calle d him. S/D lassical onversations tRivium tAbles Asimplesentenceconsistsofoneindependentclauseandexpressesacompletethought.(Anindependentclausecontainsonesubject Subject Verb-linking PredicateAdjective predicatepair,thoughthesubjectorthepredicate,orbothmaybecompound.) How much? Unde r what condition? i S-V Multi-W S/D yes, certainly no, not, never C Jesus Exclamatory (!) EssentialsoftheEnglishLanguage FLEXIONAL Vi 4 purposes 400 A sIMpLE Verb-intransitive S 1 1 2 MO ENCES Imperative (. !)D E L SE N TJesus is Master DVERB An adverb mod ifies a verb, adje S ctive, or anot Adverbs answer her adverb. (AV) the questions: How ? When? Wher e? Why? To what extent? How often ? One-Word Adv erbs: Subject SINGULAR Declarative (.) Compound Complex (FANBOYS)+ www.asia.wub,who/which PLURAL Simple Interrogative (?) B Introduced Week 1 112 Different Types of Sentences can be created by combining the four structures × four purposes × seven patterns. 7 patterns Master NOUN A From Essentials of the English Language guide: Also available for more practice: Classical Conversations Trivium Tables for English Grammar and Quid et Quo are laminated, foldable, reusable resources for your student to practice analytical task exercises in the language portion of EEL. Order yours from our online bookstore. ADJECTIVE Math VERB Writing To find an Essentials Community near you, to start an Essentials Community, or to learn more about participation costs, visit our website and click on the map. For resources and materials needed to participate in our Essentials Community, visit our online bookstore. ADVERB Language Arts At Home… PRONOUN In Class… Object Complemen t Noun OcN master Object Complemen OcA t Adjective holy ClassicalConversationsBooks.com whoever, whomever, that, w