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Health Science and a d Anatomy Lisa Lynn Pitman Boyd Lenoir Community College Jeffery Boyd East Carolina University What is Anatomy and Physiology? A t Anatomy – is i the th structure t t off the th human body. Physiology y gy – is the function of the human body. Parameters of the Events Health Science This event encompasses the anatomy and physiology of the nervous e ous a and d circulatory u a o y system sys e a and d the ee effects e so of d drugs ugs a and d diseases on their health. Anatomy This event encompasses the anatomy of the nervous and circulatory system and the effects of drugs and diseases on their health health. Health Science Nervous System ¾ The brain and sense organs – region and function. ¾ Neural impulses – action potential generation and propagation, propagation cellular membrane potential, cellular anatomy and physiology of neurons. ¾ Central Nervous System – organization of the spinal cord. cord ¾ Peripheral Nervous System – neuroganglia, action of sensory and motor neurons, difference and purpose of parasympathetic, sympathetic somatic, sympathetic, somatic and sensory systems systems. ¾ Neural Impulses – cellular anatomy and physiology of glial and supporting cells, synapses and neurotransmitters. Health Science Circulatory System ¾ Heart – chambers and valves of the heart, electrical stimulation of the myocardium. Also, pacemaker tissue, and interpreting p g ECG (EKG). ( ) ¾ Blood Vessels – arteries, arterioles, veins, venules, and capillaries. ¾ Blood – plasma, plasma hematocrit hematocrit, red blood cells cells, ABO ABO-blood blood typing, Rhesus factor, oxygen transport, hemoglobin. Also, platelets in blood clotting, regulation of blood plasma volume and acidity. acidity ¾ Measurement of pulse rate and blood pressure. y and diastolic blood p pressure,, ¾ Calculations – includes systolic mean arterial pressure, stroke volume, and cardiac output. Anatomy Nervous System ¾ Brain – major regions of the brain and their functions. ¾ Sense organs – regions of the sense organs and their functions. ¾ Disorders of the Nervous System ¾ Effects of alcohol alcohol, caffeine caffeine, nicotine nicotine, and marijuana on the nervous system. Anatomy Circulatory System ¾ Heart – chambers and valves of the heart. ¾ Blood Vessels – arteries, arteries arterioles arterioles, veins veins, venules venules, and capillaries. ¾ Flow of blood through the heart and body. ¾ Measurement off the h pulse l rate and d blood bl d pressure. ¾ Relevant calculations include systolic and diastolic pressure, mean arterial p pressure,, stroke volume,, and cardiac output. p ¾ Disorders ¾ Effects of alcohol, caffeine, nicotine, and marijuana on the circulatory system. system Nervous System The Nervous System is composed of a vast number of cells ell called lled neurons. ne on Neurons Ne on compose ompo e the nervous ne o tissue ti e in our body. Neurons carry the electrical impulse through the human body for life to exist. Nervous System The nervous system is composed of the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). The CNS is composed of the brain and spinal cord, (PNS) while the PNS controls all other nervous functions of the human body. The PNS is composed of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) and the Somatic Nervous System (SNS). Both of these systems are important for such (SNS) things as increase in heart rate rate, digestion digestion, touch touch, pressure pressure, and temperature regulation. Nervous System The ANS • Governed by the hypothalamus that is located in the diencephalon • The hypothalamus performs nervous and endocrine functions within the human body. • The Th ANS performs f parasympathetic h i and d sympathetic h i functions in the human body. The SNS • Governed by the thalamus that is located in the diencephalon • The thalamus performs nervous functions in sensory information filtration for the brain Nervous System The adult human brain contains almost 98% of the body’s neural tissue. A “typical” brain weighs 1.4 kg. Nervous System Brain Structures Nervous System The CNS contains the spinal nerves that run along the vertebral column. There are 7 cervical e i l vertebrae, e teb e 12 thoracic vertebrae, 12 lumbar vertebrae, 4-5 sacral vertebrae,, and the coccyx. y The spinal nerves are different in number from two of the different types of vertebrae The cervical vertebrae. spinal nerves have 8 pairs, the thoracic spinal nerves have 12 pairs of nerves, the lumbar vertebrae have 5 pairs of nerves, the sacral vertebrae have 5 pairs of nerves and the coccyx has one spinal nerve. Nervous System The Cranial Nerves andd their Innervations Nervous System The Cranial Nerves and their Innervations Circulatory System The heart contains four chambers; two atria and t two ventricles. ventricles t i l V i take Veins t k blood to the heart while arteries take blood away from the heart. The heart is made of three distinct layers; endocardium, myocardium, and epicarduim (AKA visceral pericardium). The heart is divided into ride and left sides of the heart. The right g side of the heart carries deoxygenated blood, while the left side of the heart carries oxygenated blood. blood Circulatory System Circulatory System Cardiac Output CO = HR X SV Heart Rate Stroke Volume Heart rate correlates to pulse rate which is the rhythmic expansion and elastic recoil of a systemic artery. The range is 60-100 beats per minute with an average of 75 beats per minute minute. Stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped out of the ventricle during each contraction. The average is 70 ml. With the heart rate being related to stoke volume it is said that the heart will pump the entire body’s blood volume each minute which constitutes the C di O Cardiac Output. t t Circulatory System Bl d P Blood Pressure Blood pressure is the force of blood exerted on a systemic artery during ventricular systole and ventricular diastole. It is measured in mmHg mmHg. 120 80 mmHg is normal BP in an adult. The top number (120 120) of the BP above indicates systolic BP (the force of blood exerted on a systemic artery during ventricular contraction (systole). The bottom number (80 80) of the BP above indicates diastolic BP (the force of blood exerted on a systemic artery during ventricular relaxation (diastole). (diastole) Circulatory System Blood Blood is comprised of formed elements (Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells, and Platelets) and blood plasma. RBC’s contain hemoglobin which is responsible for oxygen transportation throughout the body. In the Pulmonary System the hemoglobin loses the CO2 and gains O2 while in the Systemic and Coronary Systems the hemoglobin molecule loses O2 and gains CO2 from the tissues. ABO Blood Group Questions or Comments Thank you