Download Nervous System

Health Science
and
a d
Anatomy
Lisa Lynn Pitman Boyd
Lenoir Community College
Jeffery Boyd
East Carolina University
What is Anatomy and Physiology?
A t
Anatomy
– is
i the
th structure
t
t
off the
th
human body.
Physiology
y
gy – is the function of the
human body.
Parameters of the Events
Health Science
This event encompasses the anatomy and physiology of the
nervous
e ous a
and
d circulatory
u a o y system
sys e a
and
d the
ee
effects
e so
of d
drugs
ugs a
and
d
diseases on their health.
Anatomy
This event encompasses the anatomy of the nervous and
circulatory system and the effects of drugs and diseases on
their health
health.
Health Science
Nervous System
¾ The brain and sense organs – region and function.
¾ Neural impulses – action potential generation and propagation,
propagation
cellular membrane potential, cellular anatomy and physiology of
neurons.
¾ Central Nervous System – organization of the spinal cord.
cord
¾ Peripheral Nervous System – neuroganglia, action of sensory
and motor neurons, difference and purpose of parasympathetic,
sympathetic somatic,
sympathetic,
somatic and sensory systems
systems.
¾ Neural Impulses – cellular anatomy and physiology of glial and
supporting cells, synapses and neurotransmitters.
Health Science
Circulatory System
¾ Heart – chambers and valves of the heart, electrical
stimulation of the myocardium. Also, pacemaker tissue, and
interpreting
p
g ECG (EKG).
(
)
¾ Blood Vessels – arteries, arterioles, veins, venules, and
capillaries.
¾ Blood – plasma,
plasma hematocrit
hematocrit, red blood cells
cells, ABO
ABO-blood
blood
typing, Rhesus factor, oxygen transport, hemoglobin. Also,
platelets in blood clotting, regulation of blood plasma volume
and acidity.
acidity
¾ Measurement of pulse rate and blood pressure.
y
and diastolic blood p
pressure,,
¾ Calculations – includes systolic
mean arterial pressure, stroke volume, and cardiac output.
Anatomy
Nervous System
¾ Brain – major regions of the brain and their
functions.
¾ Sense organs – regions of the sense organs
and their functions.
¾ Disorders of the Nervous System
¾ Effects of alcohol
alcohol, caffeine
caffeine, nicotine
nicotine, and
marijuana on the nervous system.
Anatomy
Circulatory System
¾ Heart – chambers and valves of the heart.
¾ Blood Vessels – arteries,
arteries arterioles
arterioles, veins
veins, venules
venules, and
capillaries.
¾ Flow of blood through the heart and body.
¾ Measurement off the
h pulse
l rate and
d blood
bl d pressure.
¾ Relevant calculations include systolic and diastolic pressure,
mean arterial p
pressure,, stroke volume,, and cardiac output.
p
¾ Disorders
¾ Effects of alcohol, caffeine, nicotine, and marijuana on the
circulatory system.
system
Nervous System
The Nervous System is composed of a vast number of
cells
ell called
lled neurons.
ne on Neurons
Ne on compose
ompo e the nervous
ne o tissue
ti e
in our body. Neurons carry the electrical impulse through
the human body for life to exist.
Nervous System
The nervous system is composed of the Central Nervous
System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System
(PNS). The CNS is composed of the brain and spinal cord,
(PNS)
while the PNS controls all other nervous functions of the
human body.
The PNS is composed of the Autonomic Nervous
System (ANS) and the Somatic Nervous System
(SNS). Both of these systems are important for such
(SNS)
things as increase in heart rate
rate, digestion
digestion, touch
touch, pressure
pressure,
and temperature regulation.
Nervous System
The ANS
• Governed by the hypothalamus that is located in the
diencephalon
• The hypothalamus performs nervous and endocrine
functions within the human body.
• The
Th ANS performs
f
parasympathetic
h i and
d sympathetic
h i
functions in the human body.
The SNS
• Governed by the thalamus that is located in the
diencephalon
• The thalamus performs nervous functions in sensory
information filtration for the brain
Nervous System
The adult human brain contains almost 98% of the
body’s neural tissue. A “typical” brain weighs 1.4 kg.
Nervous System
Brain Structures
Nervous System
The CNS contains the spinal
nerves that run along the
vertebral column. There are
7 cervical
e i l vertebrae,
e teb e 12
thoracic vertebrae, 12
lumbar vertebrae, 4-5 sacral
vertebrae,, and the coccyx.
y
The spinal nerves are
different in number from two
of the different types of
vertebrae The cervical
vertebrae.
spinal nerves have 8 pairs,
the thoracic spinal nerves
have 12 pairs of nerves, the
lumbar vertebrae have 5
pairs of nerves, the sacral
vertebrae have 5 pairs of
nerves and the coccyx has
one spinal nerve.
Nervous System
The Cranial Nerves andd their Innervations
Nervous System
The Cranial Nerves and their Innervations
Circulatory System
The heart contains four
chambers; two atria and
t
two
ventricles.
ventricles
t i l
V i take
Veins
t k
blood to the heart while
arteries take blood away
from the heart. The heart
is made of three distinct
layers; endocardium,
myocardium, and
epicarduim (AKA visceral
pericardium). The heart is
divided into ride and left
sides of the heart. The right
g
side of the heart carries
deoxygenated blood, while
the left side of the heart
carries oxygenated blood.
blood
Circulatory System
Circulatory System
Cardiac Output
CO = HR X SV
Heart Rate
Stroke Volume
Heart rate correlates to pulse rate which is the rhythmic expansion and elastic
recoil of a systemic artery. The range is 60-100 beats per minute with an
average of 75 beats per minute
minute. Stroke volume is the amount of blood
pumped out of the ventricle during each contraction. The average is 70 ml. With
the heart rate being related to stoke volume it is said that the heart will
pump the entire body’s blood volume each minute which constitutes the
C di O
Cardiac
Output.
t t
Circulatory System
Bl d P
Blood
Pressure
Blood pressure is the force of blood exerted on a systemic
artery during ventricular systole and ventricular diastole. It is
measured in mmHg
mmHg.
120
80
mmHg is normal BP in an adult.
The top number (120
120) of the BP above indicates systolic BP
(the force of blood exerted on a systemic artery during ventricular
contraction (systole). The bottom number (80
80) of the BP above
indicates diastolic BP (the force of blood exerted on a systemic
artery during ventricular relaxation (diastole).
(diastole)
Circulatory System
Blood
Blood is comprised of formed elements (Red Blood Cells,
White Blood Cells, and Platelets) and blood plasma. RBC’s
contain hemoglobin which is responsible for oxygen
transportation throughout the body. In the Pulmonary
System the hemoglobin loses the CO2 and gains O2 while in
the Systemic and Coronary Systems the hemoglobin
molecule loses O2 and gains CO2 from the tissues.
ABO Blood Group
Questions or Comments
Thank you