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STANDARD 5
Period 6
Wednesday, April 24, 2013
U.S Politics from the 1920s
•Vocabulary
•Anarchist:
a person who opposes all form of government
•Communist: people who believed in an economic & political system based on a single party government ruled by a
dictatorship
•Dawes Plan: American investors loaned Germany $2.5 billion to pay back Britain & France with annual payments.
Britain & France would then pay the US back with its own money.
•Demobilization: the transition from wartime to peace.
•Disarmament: the act of reducing, limiting, or abolishing weapons. Senator Charles Evans Hughes urged the
government that no more warships be built for ten years.
•Flappers: an emancipated young woman who embraced the urban fashions and attitudes of the day
•Fordney-McCumber Tariff: raised taxes on US imports to 60% to protect US businesses from foreign competition
•Impact of climate and natural disasters: a series of hurricanes, freezes, and other natural disasters paved the way for
the 1929 economic crash.
•Jazz Age: Also known as the Roaring Twenties, a decade of prosperity and rich in culture.
•Prohibition: 18th Amendment. Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages.
•Red Scare: the panic that resulted in the US from the people’s fear of the rise of communism
•Roaring 20s: a decade of culture shifts in which youth was celebrated, prosperities were wasted, and attitudes were
urbanized.
•Sacco & Vanzetti: arrested and charged with robbery and murder; they claimed the charge was prejudiced since they
were Italian; the entire nation took sides.
•Tariffs: taxes put on imports and exports to protect American businesses from foreign competition
•Teapot Dome Scandal: an example of corruption; a bribery incident that took place in the United States from 1920–
1923, during the administration of President Warren G. Harding. Secretary of the Interior Albert B. Fall leased Navy
petroleum reserves at Teapot Dome in Wyoming and two other locations in California to private oil companies at low
rates without competitive bidding for personal monetary gain.
Wednesday, April 24, 2013
U.S Politics from the 1920s
42.) Explain how the US shaped isolationist policies after WWI, yet greatly expanded its
economic ties to Europe and developed an industrial economy that conducted business in
global markets.
A fear of communism and strong feelings of nativism both factored into American isolationism in the
1920s, contributing to events such as the Red Scare and Immigration Quotas, as well as the
Neutrality Acts, which forbade American merchants from interacting with belligerent ships. However,
the country still maintained economic relations with European countries such as Britain, France, and
Germany, through the Fordney-McCumber Tariff.
43.) Examine the extent to which US economic foreign policy led to prosperity at home and
abroad.
After the US adopted a policy of isolationism, the people were able to focus solely on the American
economy. Both President Hoover and President Coolidge favored government policies that would keep
taxes down and business profits up, and Coolidge fit into the pro-business spirit of the 1920s very well.
His administration placed high tariffs on foreign imports, which helped American manufacturers greatly,
further heightening the booming economy. However, it was a superficial prosperity that would be short
lived as the economy came to a downfall.
Wednesday, April 24, 2013
Civil Rights of the 1920s
Vocabulary
•Booker
T. Washington: Headed the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute, believed that blacks needed to pursue
careers in domestic and labor areas to prove their worth to the American economy.
•Eighteenth amendment- The 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution banned the manufacture, sale, and
transportation of alcohol. It was ratified on January 16, 1919 and repealed by the 21st Amendment in 1933. In the
over 200 years of the U.S. Constitution, the 18th Amendment remains the only Amendment to ever have been
repealed.
•Fundamentalist Movement- demand for a strict adherence to specific theological doctrines usually understood as a
reaction against Modernist theology, primarily to promote continuity and accuracy
•Great Migration- relocation of more than 6 million African Americans from the rural South to the cities of the North,
Midwest and West from 1916 to 1970, had a huge impact on urban life in the United States. Driven from their homes
by unsatisfactory economic opportunities and harsh segregationist laws, many blacks headed north, where they took
advantage of the need for industrial workers that first arose during the First World War.
•Harlem Renaissance- a cultural movement that spanned the 1920s. Though it was centered in the Harlem
neighborhood of New York City, many French-speaking black writers from African and Caribbean colonies who lived
in Paris were also influenced by the Harlem Renaissance.
•Ku Klux Klan- is the name of three distinct past and present far-right organizations in the United States, which have
advocated extremist reactionary currents such as white supremacy, white nationalism, and anti-immigration,
historically expressed through terrorism
•Marcus Garvey- was a Jamaican political leader, publisher, journalist, entrepreneur, and orator who was a staunch
proponent of the Black nationalism and Pan-Africanism movements, to which end he founded the Universal Negro
Improvement Association and African Communities League
•Nativism- the political position of demanding a favored status for certain established inhabitants of a nation as
compared to claims of newcomers or immigrants.
Wednesday, April 24, 2013
Civil Rights of the 1920s
• National Association for the advancement of color people (NAACP)- is an African-American civil
rights organization in the United States, formed in 1909.[3] Its mission is “to ensure the political,
educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate racial hatred and
racial discrimination
• Nineteenth Amendment- the United States Constitution prohibits any United States citizen to be denied
the right to vote based on sex.
• Normalcy- was United States presidential candidate Warren G. Harding’s campaign promise in the
election of 1920
• Rosewood incident- The Rosewood massacre was a violent, racially motivated conflict that took
place during the first week of January 1923 in rural Levy County, Florida, United States
• Seminole Indians- In the late 19th century, the Florida Seminole re-established limited relations with
the U.S. government and in 1930 received 5,000 acres of reservation lands. Few Seminole moved to
reservations until the 1940s; they reorganized their government and received federal recognition in
1957 as the Seminole Tribe of Florida
• Universal Negro Improvement Association(UNIA)- is a black nationalist fraternal organization
founded by Marcus Garvey. The organization enjoyed its greatest strength in the 1920s, prior to
Garvey's deportation from the United States of America, after which its prestige and influence declined
• Volstead Act- was enacted to carry out the intent of the Eighteenth Amendment, which established
prohibition in the United States. The Anti-Saloon League's Wayne Wheeler conceived and drafted the
bill, which was named for Andrew Volstead, Chairman of the House Judiciary Committee, who
managed the legislation.
• W.E.B. DuBois- was an American sociologist, historian, civil rights activist, Pan-Africanist, author and
editor.
Wednesday, April 24, 2013
Civil Rights of the 1920s
44.) Recognize and examine varying points of view ralted to the desire to expand and
restrict civil rights for women and political, social, economic, religious, and ethnic
minorities
During the 1920s, women everywhere experienced extreme changes in standards: urban fashions
emerged, public drinking and sexual conversation was engaged, attitudes toward marriage changed,
and new jobs became available. Many women took advantage of these new freedoms and became
flappers, however not all women shared the same view on the matter. Traditionalists in churches and
schools protested the new casual dances and women’s acceptance of smoking or drinking, and the
Women’s Christian Temperance Union was the group who pushed the hardest for Prohibition. Also in
the 1920s, a large number of immigrant families began sending their children to school, increasing
the number of literate Americans; however, these immigrants were highly discriminated against,
getting paid less to work more than the average American and being forced to live in smaller, more
dangerous communities than whites. Black Americans began voicing their pride in what was known
as the Harlem Renaissance, revealing the richness of African American culture, however lynching still
was not outlawed in the US and segregation separated white and black Americans in public.
45.)Identify reasons for the rise of nativism in the 1920s and the 1930s.
Nativism arose in the 1920s due to a huge increase in immigration to the US. Thousands of southern and
eastern Europeans began pouring in to escape the hardships of their homeland for the American Dream,
but after the stressful environment of WW1, Americans felt threatened by these foreigners and held
extreme prejudices against them. Many Americans believed these immigrants were taking over their jobs
and that they themselves might be out of work.
Wednesday, April 24, 2013
Civil Rights of the 1920s
46.) Analyze how civil rights issues both united and divided society in the US in the period 1919-1939
The Civil Rights Movement was a large movement in the United States. After the revolution, segregation was ended
and black men and women were given the right to vote. The Civil Rights Movement gave new meaning and freedom
to what it means to be an African American. It opened up the world one day at a time to African Americans and
essentially molded the world we live in today. The opposing opinions on how each group should be treated obviously
created much tension between people. Some wanted white males were the superior group, while others wanted
everyone to be completely equal. These issues united certain people because they came together for a common goal.
47. Identify and/or evaluate the decisions made by the national and state government related to immigration
and other civil rights issues.
Civil rights groups like the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, which was organized in 1909,
led the fight to end discrimination by using the courts. Civil disobedience, boycotts, and protest demonstrations created
a climate of opinion that led to legislative steps to end discrimination. The number of immigrants in the US had grown
tremendously, congress passed the quota act to limit it. This system established a maximum number of people who
could enter the US from each European country, which also prohibited Japanese immigration.
Wednesday, April 24, 2013
The Great Depression
Vocabulary
•Agricultural Adjustment Act(AAA)- was a United States federal law of the New Deal era which restricted
agricultural production by paying farmers subsidies not to plant on part of their land and to kill off excess livestock.
Its purpose was to reduce crop surplus and therefore effectively raise the value of crops.
•Bank Holiday- a weekday on which days are closed by law
•Black Tuesday- began in October 29, 1929 and was the most devastating stock market crash in the history of the u.s.
•Bonus Expeditionary Force- A group of unemployed war veterans WW1 seeking their immediate payment of cash
bonuses that they were scheduled to receive in 1945.
•Bull Market- A financial market of a group of securities in which prices are rising or are expected to rise. The term
refers to the stock market.
•Buying On Margin- The purchase of an asset by paying the margin and borrowing the balance from a bank or broker.
Refers to initial or down payment made to the broker for the asset being purchased.
•Civilian Conservation Corps- Provided work and vocational training for unemployed single young men through
conserving and developing the country's natural resources.
•Dust Bowl- A period of severe dust storms causing major ecological and agricultural damage to areas of the U.S.
Prairie States.
•Economic Boom- A period of time during which sales of a product or business activity increases rapidly.
•Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation- The U.S. Corporation insuring deposits in the U.S. against bank failure. The
FDIC was created in 1933 to maintain public confidence and encourage stability in the financial system through
promotion of sound banking practices.
•Great Depression- An economic recession that began on Black Tuesday, following the crash of the u.s. stock market.
•Gross National Product- the market value of all the products and services produced in one year by labor and property
supplied by the residents of a country.
•National Labor Relations Act (Wagners Act)- A 1935 United States law that limits the means with employers may
react to workers in the private sector who create labor unions, engage in collective bargaining, and take part in strikes
and other forms of concerted activity in support of their demands. The Act does not apply to workers who are covered
by the Railway Labor Act, agricultural employees, domestic employees, supervisors, federal, state or local
government workers, independent contractors and some close relatives of individual employers.
Wednesday, April 24, 2013
The Great Depression
Vocabulary
•National Recovery Administration- Established to develop and administer an industrial code system that would exert controls over
industrial pricing, production, trade practices and labor relations, thereby promoting economic recovery.
•New Deal- a series of economic programs implemented in the u.s. between 1933 and 1936. The programs were responses to the
Great Depression, and focused on what historians call the "3 Rs": Relief, Recovery, Reform (Franklin Delano Roosevelt
implemented these programs)
•Recovery- A period of increasing business activity signaling the end of a recession.
•Reform:Changing the way the economy government, and society operates so something like the great depression couldn’t happen
again.Relief:Providing immediate aid to help situation; giving people food, money etc.
•Sit-Down Strike:A strike during which workers occupy their place of employment and refuse to work until the strike is settled.
•Social Security: Provides aid to retirees,the unemployed,people with disabilities, an families with dependent children
•Hawley-Smoot Tariff:A law, enacted in 1930, that established the highest protective tariff in the U.S. history, worsening the
depression in America and abroad.
•Speculation Boom:An involvement in risky business transactions in an effort to make a quick or large profit.
•Tennessee Valley Authority(TWA):A federal corporation established in 1933 to construct dams and power plants in the Tennessee
Valley region to generate electricity as well as to prevent floods.
•Works Progress Administration(WPA):An agency,established as part of the 2nd new deal, that provided the unemployed with jobs
in construction, garment making, teaching, the arts, and other fields.
Wednesday, April 24, 2013
The Great Depression
48.Recognize the cause-and-effect relationships of economic trends as they relate to society in the United States
during the 1920’s and 1930’s.
During the great depression one of the biggest impacts was human sufforing. As much as one-fourth of the labour
force in industrialized countries was unable to find work in the early 1930s. It caused the end of the international gold
standard. Both labour unions and the welfare state expanded substantially during the 1930s. The crash of the stock
market effected people because they went into a depression. Production had expanded much faster than wages
which caused a huge gap between the rich and the poor. Lastly unequal distribution of the income affected most
American’s because they couldn’t participate fully in the economic advances of the 1920’s.
49. :Identify and/or evaluate the impact of business practices, consumer patterns, and government policies on the 1920s
and 1930s as they relate to the Great Depression and subsequent New Deal.
Government policies, progress in technology, and a new consumer society produced a booming economy. Radio
helped transform the US into a single national market, and a mass popular culture developed based largely on the
consumption of luxury items.To take full advantage of the profits to be made, businesses merged and grew even
larger. Railroads lost business to new forms of transportation (trucks, buses, and private automobiles). Demand for
crops fell after the war, and crop prices declined by 40% or more. Farmers went into debt. They tried to make more
crops to sell but only went into further debt.
50. Examine the human experience during both the Great Depression and the New Deal.
While the Depression began at the end of the 1920s, the entire nation suffered most dramatically during the period
1929–1933, the human experience was unbearable. The economic downturn increased the number of Hoovervilles
urban settlements. Hoovervilles, with their lack of running water and terrible living conditions, caused widespread
illnesses and unhealthy living circumstances. Unemployment rose from a shocking 5 million in 1930 to an almost
unbelievable 13 million by the end of 1932.
Unemployed fathers saw children hired for sub-standard wages. In 1930, 2.25 million boys and girls ages 10–18 worked
in factories, canneries, mines, and on farms.Children left school to support their families. The Great Depression also
resulted in an increase in racism and discrimination, as African-Americans, Hispanics, and women were often denied
any available jobs in favor of white men.
Wednesday, April 24, 2013
The Great Depression
51. Analyze the long-term social, political, and economic consequences of the 1920s and 1930s on society in the
U.S. and/or Florida.
The Great Depression was the longest, most widespread, and deepest depression of the 20th century. Personal income, tax
revenue, profits and prices dropped, while international trade plunged by more than 50%. Unemployment rose to 25%. When
the Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act was put into action, which was intended to encourage the purchase of American-made products
by increasing the cost of imported goods, while raising revenue for the federal government and protecting farmers. Other
nations increased tariffs on American-made goods in retaliation, reducing international trade, and worsening the depression.
So, the long-term effect of this act didn’t turn out beneficial. The first New Deal was put into play when Roosevelt came into
presidency
52.)Explain the effects of the changing role of tourism in Florida’s development and growth(1890-1930), the land boom and
bust(1920-1930) and/or the impact of the Great Depression(1926-1940)
-Florida’s growth in tourism started around 1920s when many people had the time and money to travel. In 1922 a greyhound
racetrack was built in Hialeah Park,in 1924 a horse racing track was built near the greyhound track, In 1925 an amusement park and
dance hall were added to the park. In 1931 Florida made it legal to bet on horse and dogs races, a few years later Florida legalized
slot machines.
-Florida’s land boom started a little after WWI when many Americans had the money and time to travel but many came to Florida
and started investing in real estate in Florida, Dave Davis built Davis Islands in 1924, John Collins and Carl Fisher develop Miami
Beach, Hialeah Park Racetrack opens in 1922,”The Gold Coast”(Palm Beach,Delray Beach,Boca Raton,Fort Lauderdale,Miami
Beach, and Coral Gables) was established as a winter playground in the 1920s.
-Florida’s land bust: In the early 1920s many people were eager to buy property in Florida, but as people kept buying property the
prices rose. This brought out the speculators,scammers,and buyers who had made purchases but never actually paying for the
property just signing the papers. So in 1926, bankers stopped funding these so-called paper millionaires, and the housing market
collapsed.
-During the Great Depression, many people moved to Florida looking for work. Some found work picking crops or working in
canning factories. Many workers lived in rudimentary housing with no plumbing or electricity. Workers who lived in housing
provided by farm owners lived in better conditions but had to pay rent.
Wednesday, April 24, 2013
Causes of WWII&WWII
Vocabulary
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Atlantic Charter:A 1941 declaration of principles in which the United States and Great Britain set forth their goals in
opposing the Axis powers.
Coral Sea:The Battle of the Coral Sea was fought between the Japanese and Allied navies from May 4 through May 8,
1942 in the Coral Sea ,it was an important turning point in the war in the Pacific because, for the first time, the Allies had
stopped the Japanese advance.
Final Solution:Was Hitlers plan to annihilate the Jewish people, resulting in the most deadly phase of the Holocaust.
Hiroshima:On August 6,1945, the U.S used an atomic weapon( dropped by B-29 bomber) against Hiroshima, Japan.
Nagasaki:The bombing of Nagasaki in August 9th was the last major act of WWII and within days of the bombing Japan
surrendered.
Holocaust:The systematic murder or genocide of Jews and other groups in Europe by the Nazis before and during World
WarII.
Home Front:The civilian population and activities of a nation whose armed forces are engaged in war abroad.
Japanese-American Internment: When President Roosevelt signed an order requiring the removal of people of Japanese
ancestry from the West Coast, parts of Washington,Oregon, and Arizona.
Lend-Lease Act- this was a law passed in 1941, that allowed the United States to ship arms and other supplies,without
immediate payment, to nations fighting the Axis Powers.
Loyalty Review Board- its purpose was to investigate government employees and to dismiss those who were found to be
disloyal to the United States government
Loyalty Review Program- investigated all federal departments to uncover any hidden Soviet agents
Mary McLeod Bethune- an educator who dedicated herself to promoting opportunities for young African Americans
Wednesday, April 24, 2013
Causes of WWII & WWII
Vocabulary
•Midway- this was the most important battle, the United
States defeated and Imperial Japanese Navy, inflicting
irreparable damage on the Japanese fleet.
•Nuremberg Trials- the court proceedings held in Nuremberg, Germany, after World War II, in which Nazi leaders
were tired for war crimes.
•Pearl Harbor- the attack on Pearl Harbor by the Empire of Japan on December 7, 1941 brought the United States into
World War II.
•Potsdam- the United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union met at the final wartime conference at Potsdam near
Britain.
•Tehran Conference- a strategy meeting held between Joseph Stalin, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Winston Churchill
and it was the first of the World War II conferences held between all of the “Big Three”.
•United Nations- an international peacekeeping organization to which most nations in the world belong, and it is to
promote peace, security, and economic development.
•V-E Day-‘Victor in Europe Day” on which Eisenhower’s acceptance of the unconditional surrender of Nazi
Germany marked the end of WWII in Europe.
• V-J Day- “Victor over Japan Day” the day which Japan surrendered, effectively ending WWII.
•Yalta Conference- its purpose was to discuss Europe’s post-war reorganization.
• National Security- is the requirement to maintain the survival of the state through the use of economic power,
diplomacy, power projection and political power. The concept developed mostly in the United States of America after
WorldWar II. Initially focusing on military might, it now encompasses a broad range of facets, all of which impinge
on the nonmilitary or economic security of the nation and the values espoused by the national society.
•Normandy- is a geographical region of France corresponding to the former Duchy of Normandy.
•Salerno- a seaport in SW Italy: taken by U.S. forces September 1943.
Wednesday, April 24, 2013
Causes of WWII & WWII
53. Identify and/or evaluate the social, political, and economic causes of WW2. -Social Causes: Hitler caused many
Germans to believe they were superior to all other races. The Nazis' and Hitler's main goal was to exterminate all the Jews.Political Causes: Hitler and his Nazi Party came into power in Germany. The Allied countries were having a difficult time
responding to Hitler's aggressive style, and the international policies- like appeasement- were all political causes of WW2.Economic Causes: The biggest economic factor in WW2 was the recession in Germany. When the Central Powers lost WW1,
The Allies punished them harshly with the Treaty of Versailles. One of the demands was that Germany pay heavy reparations
for the war, and that put them in deep recession afterwards. Only someone like Hitler could pull Germany out of the deep hole
they were in. Therefore, Germany put their trust in Hitler completely.
54. Identify and/or evaluate the causes and consequences of WW2 both domestically and internationally.
The war was caused by the expansionist desires of dictators like Hitler, Mussoloni, and the Japanese Imperialists.Fascism,
Nazism, Communism, and Totalitarianism were rising and people like Hitler, Mussoloni, Stalin, and Tojo were growing
powerful. Mussoloni wanted militaristic expansion and was anticommunist (Fascism). Hitler was also anticommunist and
expressed extreme nationalism and racism (Nazism), Soviet Union's leader, Joseph Stalin, was a communist whose goal is to
gain control of other countries to expand much like Hitler and Japan's leader, Hideki Tojo, was totalitarian and had a strong
military control. Another cause of WW2 was the failure of Treaty of Versailles. The treaty treated Germany really harshly
because they were forced to pay $33 billion. This led to unemployment and eventually the leadership of Hitler. Hitler rearmed the nation, built up a massive army, re-militarized Rhineland, and threatened neighboring states. Lastly, the League of
Nations, , which was created to prevent future wars was proven to be ineffective. The absence of the U.S., the reliance upon
unanimous decisions, the lack of an armed force, and the continued self-interest of its leading members guaranteed failure of
the League of Nations.
55. Evaluate the significance of specific wartime events and actions both on the home front and on the progress of the
war.
Hitler’s invasion of Poland led to Roosevelt’s revising of the U.S Neutrality Act in 1935. Another event that shocked the U.S
over seas was the formation of the Axis powers, and it created the need for U.S spending to increase in its national defense.
One of the most damaging attacks on the U.S occurred at Pearl Harbor. Japan dealt a blow more deadly to the U.S navy than
in all of WWI. The United States cried out for war and vengeance.
Wednesday, April 24, 2013
Causes of WWII & WWII
56. Analyze the role played by individuals in the war effort, including the involvement of women and minority groups in
home front and overseas activities
The involvement of women and minority groups helped significantly during world war 2. Women helped in war effort by taking
over the men’s jobs while they were at war. Also, the Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps was formed to allow women to serve in
noncombat positions. Minority groups were allowed to serve in the military as well. Although they faced discrimination and
segregation, they took part in joining the armed forces but were mostly limited to noncombat roles. Tremendous amounts of
Americans also did their part in war effort. The OPA ( Office of Price Administration) set up a system for rationing, or establishing
fixed allotments of goods deemed essential for the military. Many Americans accepted rationing as a personal contribution to the
war effort.
57.) Identify and/or evaluate the role of technology in WWII and the political,economic, and social implications of the use of
technology.
Technology played a huge role in WWII. With modern airplanes, for the first time, some battles were fought entirely in the air. Both
sides continued U-boat (submarine) warfare, but development of sonar helped prevent sunken ships. Airplanes also allowed bombs to be
dropped in places (London and Germany were heavily bombed, constantly). And last but not least, of course you have the atomic bomb
which not only killed so many people (and continues to do so because of radiation), but it also sparked a long Cold War. In the political
view it has changed many things with technology. It allowed for propaganda to expand and more rivalry against the politicians. In the
economic view many factories went from making consumer good to war goods. The nation’s automobile plants had been retooled to
produce tanks ,planes ,boats ,and command cars .A maker of mechanical pencils turned out bomb parts, a soft-drink company converted
from filling bottles with liquid to filling shells with explosives. The sift into war production brought out many jobs, many held by
women .People believed that women lacked the necessary stamina for factory work and were reluctant to hire them, but they proved that
they could work better and more efficient.
58.) Evaluate the long-term influences of the war on both domestic and international affairs.
Alliances formed during WWII were not permanent. Though U.S relations were strengthened with France and Britain, and its
influence grew with smaller nations in Europe. The United States also emerged as a rival super power to the Soviet Union, who
shared no like for each other. This was due to several actions during the fighting in WWII. The Soviet Union had come under attack
by Germany in Hitler's betrayal of their Nonaggression Pact. And the United States delayed giving them aid, however it was the
Nonaggression Pact that resulted in the United States’ dislike of them. This feud would eventually develop into the Cold War, which
sent waves rippling in the global pool for years to come
Wednesday, April 24, 2013