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GWH EA VA WHI.10d Student Activity Standard WHI.10d The student will demonstrate knowledge of civilizations and empires of the Eastern Hemisphere and their interactions through regional trade patterns by d) describing east African kingdoms of Axum and Zimbabwe and west African civilizations of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai in terms of geography, society, economy, and religion. Essential Skills Identify major geographic features important to the study of world history. (WHI.1c) Identify and compare political boundaries with the location of civilizations, empires, and kingdoms. (WHI.1d) Analyze the impact of economic forces, including taxation, government spending, trade, resources, and monetary systems on events. (WHI.1f) Comparing the East African Kingdoms of Axum and Zimbabwe Background East Africa featured many states whose communities were based on subsistence farming, which means growing crops for personal use, not for sale. Following the rise of Islam, the eastern coast of Africa became an important part of the trading network along the Indian Ocean. Axum’s culture combined Arab and African traditions. In about A.D. 330, King Ezānā converted to Christianity and made it the official religion of the state. In much of North Africa, the Arabs were in control, however. Arabs had taken control of Egypt in 641, and soon they controlled the entire North African coast. Muslim trading routes were established along the coast near Axum. In the southern half of the African continent, most people in the region lived in stateless societies—groups of independent villages led by a local ruler. Beginning in the eleventh century, some of the villages gradually united. From about 1300 to 1450, Zimbabwe was the wealthiest and most powerful state in the region. It prospered from the gold trade. Activity Go to the graphic organizer Comparing East African Kingdoms. Fill in the graphic organizer identifying geographic, cultural, and economic attributes for both Axum and Zimbabwe. It may be helpful to review Chapter 7, Sections 1 and 2 of Glencoe World History: Early Ages. Page 1 of 2 GWH EA VA WHI.10d Student Activity Comparing East African Kingdoms Kingdom Geography Culture Economy Axum Zimbabwe Critical Thinking Analyzing Relationships Remembering what you know about West African kingdoms, what aspects of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai’s economy is similar to the economies of Axum and Zimbabwe? Page 2 of 2