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NOTES Weathering.notebook Weathering, Erosion and Deposition May 17, 2016 Weathering, Erosion and Deposition physical mechanical Weathering: The _______________ (__________________) breakdown chemical or _________________ _________________ smaller of rock into ______________ particles. transportation Erosion: The ____________________ or movement of the weathered sediments. settling Deposition: The ________________ of the weathered sediments. May 176:38 AM Weathering May 176:38 AM Physical Weathering break Any process that causes a rock to crack or ___________ Two types of weathering Physical Mechanical 1. ________________ (______________________) WITHOUT into pieces ________________ chemically changing the rock. Chemical 2. ________________ May 176:38 AM May 176:38 AM Physical Weathering Wedging Frost _____________ ________________ Water seeps into small cracks in a rock. expands freezes As the water _____________ it _____________. melting Over time, the cycle of _________________ and freezing _________________ will cause the rock to split break or _____________ apart. May 176:38 AM May 176:38 AM 1 NOTES Weathering.notebook May 17, 2016 Physical Weathering Physical Weathering Root Wedging _____________ ________________ Exfoliation _____________________ plants Trees ____________ and ____________ can grow Result of extreme _____________________ roots _____________ through cracks in rocks and changes. break ____________ them apart over time. heated As rock is _____________ by the sun, the hairlike roots Even the _________________ __________ of expands outside of the rock _________________. mosses can grow between the grains that make up the rock. May 176:38 AM temperature May 176:38 AM Physical Weathering When temperatures cool at night, the outside contracts of the rock ___________________. The cycle of heating and cooling causes the ("peel") break outer layers of the rock to _____________ off layers in ____________. May 176:38 AM May 176:38 AM Physical Weathering grinding Abrasion _____________________ (_______________ action) sediments This process occurs when __________________ streams wind carried by _______________ or ____________ collide blown sand cause particles to _______________ into each other and any other surrounding rock. May 176:38 AM May 176:38 AM 2 NOTES Weathering.notebook Chemical Weathering breakdown Any process that causes rocks to ___________________ by chemical _________________ action resulting in a change of the rock’s composition mineral ____________________. May 17, 2016 Chemical Weathering Carbonation ____________________ carbon dioxide Occurs when ___________ ____________ in the atmosphere dissolves in the droplets of water that make up clouds. carbonic This forms a weak _________________ acid that reacts with certain rocks that contain calcite the mineral ______________. May 176:38 AM May 176:38 AM Chemical Weathering Chemical Weathering marble These rocks include _______________ and limestone ___________________. Carbonic acid rain water seeps into the limestone __________________ bedrock through the chemical cracks. The _________________ reaction limestone dissolves the ____________________. CaCO3 + H2CO3 Ca+2 + 2HCO3 (Calcium bicarbonate) (calcium carbonate) (carbonic acid) May 176:38 AM May 176:38 AM Karst topography caves This process forms underground _____________ http://www.teachersdomain.org/asset/ess05_vid_cavebiogeo/ May 176:38 AM May 176:38 AM 3 NOTES Weathering.notebook May 17, 2016 May 176:38 AM May 176:38 AM May 176:38 AM May 176:38 AM May 176:38 AM May 176:38 AM 4 NOTES Weathering.notebook May 17, 2016 Chemical Weathering Hydration ____________________ water Occurs when ___________ dissolves certain minerals in a rock. Water Example: ___________ will dissolve much of the feldspar in granite allowing it to break apart. The quartz remains behind to become sand. May 176:38 AM May 176:38 AM Chemical Weathering Chemical Weathering Oxidation ____________________ Acids Plant ___________ _________ oxygen Occurs when ______________ in the atmosphere combines with certain minerals to change their form and breakdown rock. Plants ____________ produce weak acids that can also dissolve certain minerals that make up rocks. Activity Human ______________ __________ Gases produced by humans can dissolve in water acid rain droplets of clouds to produce _________ _______. May 176:38 AM May 176:38 AM Factors Affecting Weathering sulfuric acid sulfur dioxide nitrogen oxides nitric acid Climate major _________________ is the ____________ factor that affects the rate of weathering. Temperature _________________ chemical action In warm climates, ______________ _________ Chemical is the dominant type of weathering. Weathering frost wedging In cold climates, __________ ______________ Physical frost action Weathering (also known as __________ ___________) is the dominant type of weathering. May 176:38 AM May 176:38 AM 5 NOTES Weathering.notebook Factors Affecting Weathering Precipitation _____________________ As precipitation increases, the amount (and rate) of frost action increase __________ __________ will ________________. May 17, 2016 Factors Affecting Weathering Chemical ____________________ weathering is the most rapid in warm wet/humid _________________, _________________ climates. As precipitation increases, the amount (and rate) of increase chemical ________________ weathering will _____________. May 176:38 AM May 176:38 AM May 176:38 AM May 176:38 AM Factors Affecting Weathering What type of weathering would be more common in a warm and dry climate... Physical (or) Chemical? Desert = wind abrasion..... rock Different ____________ types (their mineral composition) Differential ________________ weathering is the process by weather-resistant which softer, less __________________________ rocks resistant wear away, leaving harder, more __________________ rocks behind. May 147:31 AM May 176:38 AM 6 NOTES Weathering.notebook May 17, 2016 Which rock is more resistant to weathering? Factors Affecting Weathering Particle _________________ size outside Weathering occurs on the ______________ surface of surface area rocks. So the more _____________ __________ that faster is exposed to weathering, the ____________ the rock will be broken down. May 176:38 AM May 176:38 AM Factors Affecting Weathering As the rock breaks down into smaller pieces, Factors Affecting Weathering Quick Review surface area the more _____________ __________ is Climate 1. _________________________________________ increases exposed and the rate of weathering __________ 2. _________________________________________ Different rock types (mineral comp.) Particle size 3. _________________________________________ ** smaller particles = fastering weathering May 176:38 AM Soil rock weathered Soil is a combination of _________________ _________ May 176:38 AM Soil Layers (Soil Profile) organic matter and ________________ _______________ (as a result of biological activity). Humus _________________ is decayed plant and animal ~25% material found in soil. Soil that contains __________ rich humus is considered ___________ soil. May 176:38 AM May 176:38 AM 7 NOTES Weathering.notebook May 17, 2016 Soil Layers (Soil Profile) Due to biological activity Darker, richer, topsoil is a result of biological activity May 176:38 AM May 176:38 AM 8