Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
First Aid Awareness Briefing What is First Aid? First Aid is the immediate treatment given to a patient for an injury or an illness before the arrival of someone medically trained, e.g. a doctor, emergency services. Recommended Contents of a First Aid Kit RECOMMENDED MATERIAL • Adhesive Plasters • Sterile eye pads • Triangular Bandages • Safety Pins • Sterile Wound Dressing No. 8 • Sterile Wound Dressing No. 9 • Antiseptic wipes individually • Wrapped • Paramedic Shears • Examination Gloves Pairs • Sterile Water • Pocket Face Mask • Water Based burns Dressing 10* 10 • Water Based burns Dressing Large • Crepe Bandage 7 cm CONTENTS PER 11 – 25 PERSONS 20 2 6 6 2 6 3 20 1 10 2*500ML 1 1 1 2 Aims of First Aid PRESERVE LIFE PREVENT DETERIORATION PROMOTE RECOVERY Airway Breathing Circulation Dress wounds Immobilise fractures Position casualty Reassure Relieve pain Handle gently Protect from cold Personal Safety at the Scene • Must ensure personal safety at the scene • Awareness of any dangers at the scene – Fire --Fumes – Flooding --Falling Debris – Electrical --Wild Animals – Moving Vehicles --Water “SCENE SAFETY” – Bodily Fluids/Cross infection “CASUALTY IS DOWN SO I GLOVE UP” Primary Survey • Airway • Breathing • Circulation Secondary Survey (Head to Toe) 1. Head 2. Neck 3. Shoulders 4. Chest 5. Abdomen 8. Upper Limbs 6. Pelvis Lower Back 7. Lower Limbs Secondary Survey Monitor Vital Signs Pulse Rate Breathing Rate Skin Colour / Temperature Level of response (A.V.P.U) Levels of Response lert Responds appropriately and is aware of place and time erbal Responds in some manner to voice ain (Check for reactions to pain Responds in some manner to painful stimuli nresponsive Does not respond to painful stimuli Recovery Position Aid to Diagnosis S Signs and symptoms (How do you feel?) A Allergies M Medications P Past Medical History L Last oral intake (food/drink) E Events leading to incident (when/how?) Early CPR Speed is Essential • CPR if commenced within 3 minutes of arrest can prevent permanent brain damage. • Buys time to allow successful defibrillation by trained personnel. Chain of Survival Early Access Early CPR Early Defib Early ALS Early Post Resuscitation Care Defibrillation – The AED An AED or Defibrillator is a device that analyses the heart rhythm and delivers a controlled electric shock to the heart muscle to stop Ventricular Fibrillation. Choking Casualty • Recognition = ASK • Can you cough? • Can you breath? • Are you choking? Provide: • 5 back slaps • 5 Abdominal thrusts • MUST see a doctor after Abdominals Asthma Treatment • Reassure • Tripod Position • Take their own inhaler – Blue Reliever – Brown Preventative • Get help if – Getting Worse – Inhaler does not provide relief after 5 min Convulsion Wound Types Contusion Laceration Incision Puncture External Bleeding Arterial • Spurts from wound • Bright red blood Venous • Flows from wound • Dark red colour Capillary • Oozes from wound • Normal colour Haemorrhage Control (PEEPS) Posture/Pressure Elevation Examination Pad & Bandage Shock Signs and Symptoms of Shock • • • • • Rapid pulse Pale skin Grey skin Cold clammy skin Sweating As Shock Progresses • Weakness • Nausea • Thirst • Rapid/Shallow breathing • Restlessness • Failing level of consciousness Treatment for Shock • • • • • • • Ensure A B C’s are OK Urgent removal to hospital Treat the cause Raise lower limbs if possible (30 cm) Keep the patient warm Rest, positive reassurance Monitor the patient until the emergency services arrive Elevated Sling Signs/Symptoms of a Fracture Swelling Pain Loss of Movement Irregularity Numbness Tenderness Shock Treatment Upper Limb Fracture Immobilise using triangular bandages Rule of the Palm The Palm of the Casualties Hand is equal to 1% of their total body surface area – this includes the fingers and thumb. Partial Thickness Burn Signs and Symptoms • Pain • Raw Skin • Blisters These burns are considered critical if they involve more than 30% of the total body surface in an adult and 20% in a child. Full Thickness Burn Signs and Symptoms • Pale waxy skin • Sometimes charred These burns are the most serious. The casualty often feels little or no pain, because the nerve endings have been destroyed. Treatment of Minor Burns Aim is to: • Halt the burning process – cool. • Relieve the swelling and pain – elevate. • Minimise the risk of infection – cover. • Seek medical advice. Treatment of Major Burns Aim is to ensure: • Halt the burning process by cooling. • Call for an Ambulance. • Remove clothing and jewellery not stuck to the affected area. • Apply burn dressing and elevate. • Treat for shock. • Minimise the risk of infection. Aftercare • Warmth • ABCs • Rest & Reassurance • Monitor vital signs every 10 minutes First Aid Briefing THANK YOU