Download First Aid Awareness Briefing

First Aid
Awareness Briefing
What is First Aid?
First Aid is the immediate treatment given to
a patient for an injury or an illness before the
arrival of someone medically trained, e.g.
a doctor, emergency services.
Recommended Contents of a First Aid Kit
RECOMMENDED MATERIAL
• Adhesive Plasters
• Sterile eye pads
• Triangular Bandages
• Safety Pins
• Sterile Wound Dressing No. 8
• Sterile Wound Dressing No. 9
• Antiseptic wipes individually
• Wrapped
• Paramedic Shears
• Examination Gloves Pairs
• Sterile Water
• Pocket Face Mask
• Water Based burns Dressing 10* 10
• Water Based burns Dressing Large
• Crepe Bandage 7 cm
CONTENTS PER 11 – 25 PERSONS
20
2
6
6
2
6
3
20
1
10
2*500ML
1
1
1
2
Aims of First Aid
PRESERVE LIFE
PREVENT DETERIORATION
PROMOTE RECOVERY
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Dress wounds
Immobilise fractures
Position casualty
Reassure
Relieve pain
Handle gently
Protect from cold
Personal Safety at the Scene
• Must ensure personal safety at the scene
• Awareness of any dangers at the scene
– Fire
--Fumes
– Flooding
--Falling Debris
– Electrical
--Wild Animals
– Moving Vehicles
--Water
“SCENE SAFETY”
– Bodily Fluids/Cross infection
“CASUALTY IS DOWN SO I GLOVE UP”
Primary Survey
• Airway
• Breathing
• Circulation
Secondary Survey (Head to Toe)
1. Head
2. Neck
3.
Shoulders
4. Chest
5. Abdomen
8. Upper
Limbs
6. Pelvis
Lower Back
7. Lower
Limbs
Secondary Survey
Monitor Vital Signs
Pulse Rate
Breathing Rate
Skin Colour / Temperature
Level of response (A.V.P.U)
Levels of Response
lert
Responds appropriately and is aware of place and time
erbal
Responds in some manner to voice
ain (Check for reactions to pain
Responds in some manner to painful stimuli
nresponsive
Does not respond to painful stimuli
Recovery Position
Aid to Diagnosis
S Signs and symptoms (How do you feel?)
A Allergies
M Medications
P Past Medical History
L Last oral intake (food/drink)
E Events leading to incident (when/how?)
Early CPR
Speed is Essential
• CPR if commenced within 3 minutes of arrest
can prevent permanent brain damage.
• Buys time to allow successful defibrillation by
trained personnel.
Chain of Survival
Early
Access
Early
CPR
Early
Defib
Early
ALS
Early Post
Resuscitation
Care
Defibrillation – The AED
An AED or Defibrillator is a device that analyses
the heart rhythm and delivers a controlled
electric shock to the heart muscle to stop
Ventricular Fibrillation.
Choking Casualty
• Recognition = ASK
• Can you cough?
• Can you breath?
• Are you choking?
Provide:
• 5 back slaps
• 5 Abdominal thrusts
• MUST see a doctor after Abdominals
Asthma Treatment
• Reassure
• Tripod Position
• Take their own inhaler
– Blue Reliever
– Brown Preventative
• Get help if
– Getting Worse
– Inhaler does not provide relief after 5 min
Convulsion
Wound Types
Contusion
Laceration
Incision
Puncture
External Bleeding
Arterial
• Spurts from wound
• Bright red blood
Venous
• Flows from wound
• Dark red colour
Capillary
• Oozes from wound
• Normal colour
Haemorrhage Control
(PEEPS)
Posture/Pressure
Elevation
Examination
Pad & Bandage
Shock
Signs and Symptoms of Shock
•
•
•
•
•
Rapid pulse
Pale skin
Grey skin
Cold clammy skin
Sweating
As Shock Progresses
• Weakness
• Nausea
• Thirst
• Rapid/Shallow breathing
• Restlessness
• Failing level of consciousness
Treatment for Shock
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Ensure A B C’s are OK
Urgent removal to hospital
Treat the cause
Raise lower limbs if possible (30 cm)
Keep the patient warm
Rest, positive reassurance
Monitor the patient until the emergency services
arrive
Elevated Sling
Signs/Symptoms of a Fracture
Swelling
Pain
Loss of Movement
Irregularity
Numbness
Tenderness
Shock
Treatment
Upper Limb Fracture
Immobilise using triangular bandages
Rule of the Palm
The Palm of the Casualties Hand is equal
to 1% of their total body surface area –
this includes the fingers and thumb.
Partial Thickness Burn
Signs and Symptoms
• Pain
• Raw Skin
• Blisters
These burns are considered critical if they
involve more than 30% of the total body
surface in an adult and 20% in a child.
Full Thickness Burn
Signs and Symptoms
• Pale waxy skin
• Sometimes charred
These burns are the most serious. The
casualty often feels little or no pain, because
the nerve endings have been destroyed.
Treatment of Minor Burns
Aim is to:
• Halt the burning process – cool.
• Relieve the swelling and pain – elevate.
• Minimise the risk of infection – cover.
• Seek medical advice.
Treatment of Major Burns
Aim is to ensure:
• Halt the burning process by cooling.
• Call for an Ambulance.
• Remove clothing and jewellery not stuck to the
affected area.
• Apply burn dressing and elevate.
• Treat for shock.
• Minimise the risk of infection.
Aftercare
• Warmth
• ABCs
• Rest & Reassurance
• Monitor vital signs every 10 minutes
First Aid Briefing
THANK YOU