Download Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Organisms

Asexual Reproduction
Graphic Organizer
Compare and Contrast the difference between
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
Graphic Organizer
Compare and Contrast how Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
reproduce.
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
Characteristics of Prokaryotic and
Eukaryotic Organisms
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
 Mostly unicellular.
 Mostly multicellular.
 No nucleus
 Has “true nucleus”
 Some anaerobic (doesn’t use
oxygen for cellular
respiration)
 Contain single, circular
chromosome for DNA
storage.
 REPRODUCES ASEXUALLY
membrane bound organelles
 Mostly Aerobic (uses oxygen
for cellular respiration)
 Contain multiple, linear
chromosomes for DNA
storage
 Mostly sexual reproduction.
Asexual Reproduction in
Prokaryotes
 Binary Fission: When a
prokaryotic organism
splits into two organisms
of equal genetic
material.
 1 organism
 2 organisms
 Ex: Bacteria

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ondoMedia/2bhirez.mov
Asexual Reproduction
• Budding: The
formation of a new
organism from
growing out of a
previous organism.
• 1 organism
• 2 organisms
• Ex: Yeast, hydra,
sometimes jellyfish.
Asexual Reproduction in
Eukaryotes
• Vegetative
Reproduction: Asexual
reproduction in plants
without using seeds or
spores.
• (Often results in clonal
colonies)
• 1 organism many
organisms
• Ex: Seedless plants
(bananas, potato, grass
strawberries).
Asexual Reproduction
• Spore Formation: The
organism breaks into
many pieces into spores
which can develop into
new organisms identical
to the parent.
• 1 organism many
organisms
• Ex: Fungi, molds, some
Ferns
•
http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0072556781/student_view0/chapter3/animation_quiz_1.html
Conidium: Fungus Spore
Asexual Reproduction in
Eukaryotes
• Fragmentation: A
broken piece from an
organism develops
into a new organism.
• Ex: Starfish
Asexual Reproduction
• ADVANTAGES
– Faster reproduction
– Does not require a
partner.
– Does not require
traveling (Saves energy!)
– Less complex (Less
likely for mistakes).
• DISADVANTAGES
– Requires ideal condition.
– Everyone has the same
genetic info (If a
mutation occurs, it’s
there forever!)
– Lacks variety for
adaptation and
evolutionary selection.
Surface Area: Why Size Matters
Asexual Reproduction
 One parent produces an identical daughter cell
 Binary Fission (Bacteria)
 Budding (Hydra, Baker’s Yeast)
 Sporogenesis (Some fungi)
 Vegetative Reproduction (Tulip)
 Fragmentation (Starfish/Earthworm)
 All prokaryotes use asexual reproduction (and some
eukaryotes)
 Limited genetic variation (COPYING ONLY!)
 DNA circular (plasmid); one copy of each gene
 Process is similar to Mitosis
Sexual Reproduction
 Combining of genetic material to form offspring
(typically two parents)
 Most multicellular organisms use this method
 Large range of genetic variation – WHY?!
 DNA linear (chromosome); usually two copies of each
gene
 Process a result of Meiosis
Assessment Questions
 Creating offspring without the need for a partner is
called ________ __________.
 Bacteria reproduce by perfectly copying themselves in
a process called ____ _____.
 The ability for a potato to sprout from remains of a
previous potato is called _____ _______.
 In a hydra, new organisms can be produced from
groups of cells that emerge in a process called
_________.
 Humans, amongst other eukaryotes, create offspring
by ________ __________.