Download Athens-Sparta-Chart-Notes

Government
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Economy
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3.
Athens
Democracy – citizens run the
government
All citizens belonged to the
Assembly and talked about passes
laws – 6,000 citizens debated,
made decisions, and approved
laws
A smaller group of citizens, called
the Council of 500, were chosen
by lottery to carry out the laws.
Debating, freedom of speech,
serving on juries in court trials
were encouraged and expected
Based on trade
Traded oil, honey, silver, pottery,
etc.
Made and used its own coins
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Social
Hierarchy
Education
Military
Women
Boys
1. Upper Class – adult male citizens
whose parents were born in
Athens and owned land
2. Middle Class – merchants from
other city-states who could
become wealthy by never citizens
3. Slaves, captured in battle,
abandoned girls, people in debt
1. Purpose – to make a good citizen
2. Only boys, if able to attend
3. Rich can afford longer and more
in-depth education, including
public speaking
4. Athletics and traditional subjects
1. All men joined the army, but only
for 2-years
2. Ages 18-20: defend the city
3. Older men only served in the army
in times of war
Could not:
1. Serve in any part of the city’s
governments, including the
assembly and juries
2. Leave their homes, except on
special occasions
3. Buy anything or own property
4. Disobey their husbands or father
1. Boys from rich families were
taught how to read, speak and to
think properly
2. Poor boys may learn a basic
education, but focused on farming
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Sparta
Officially ruled by two kings who jointly led the
army.
Oligarchy – small group rule
Elected officials actually had more power than
the kings, who ran day-to-day activities
Council of Elders are chosen by vote
An Assembly of men over 30 years of age, did not
debate and could have decision overruled
At age 30 citizenship was granted: right to hold
office, attend meetings, and get married
Based on farming by slaves and conquest over
other people
Discouraged trade and even new ideas with other
city-states
Used heavy iron bars for money before
converting to coins
Upper Class - Male citizens born in Sparta
Foreign-born merchants
Slaves called helots, who were prisoners defeated
by Spartans in war
1. Purpose – to make a good warrior
2. Both boys and girls
3. Basic education with emphasis on Military
training
1.Ages 7-12: Leave home and got basic education
2.Ages 12-18: physical training with exercise
3.Ages 18-20: military training
4.Ages 20-30: Military service
5.Age 30-60: Full citizenship, soldiers could participate in
the assembly and move back home
Because Spartan men were often away; women had
more rights, they could:
1. Owned land & businesses
2. Ran the household
3. Received an education
4. Physical training was encouraged to keep women
fit to help bear healthy children
1. Birth – a government official deems him
healthy, otherwise he is taken outside the
city to die
2. 7 Years – taken from home to receive training
3. Hardships – no shoes, heavy clothes, even in
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Girls
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Slaves
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or learned a craft or skill
Athenians believed a person
should keep physically fit, learn
about the past and present, and
serve humanity by taking part in
the government.
Fathers had the right to abandon
the baby
Could receive a basic education at
home, but not normal
Taught to raise children and run
the home
Slaves were captured in war, etc.
Completed a variety of jobs:
teachers, craftsmen, famers, etc.
Treated according to their master
winter; little food. Encouraged to steal
needed items, but whipped if caught. If a boy
was not strong enough, he was left to die.
4. The highest honor was to die fighting for
Sparta.
1. Fathers had the right to abandon the baby
2. Received an education on basics and physical
fitness
3. Taught to raise children and run the home
1. Slaves (Helots) were captured in war
2. Forced to farm land and work for the Spartans
3. Treated harshly; 5,000 Helots are killed yearly to
“help prevent a revolt”
I.
Persian Wars
a. The Persian Empire tried to conquer the Greek City-States. Led by Athens and Sparta, the
Greeks resisted. Conflict between the Greeks and Persians lasted on and off for many years.
b. The Greeks defeated the Persians; keeping Greek culture alive.
II.
Peloponnesian War
a. Causes of the War
i. After the Persian Wars ended in 480 BC, many city-states formed alliances, or a
partnership to work together.
ii. Both Athens and Sparta formed partnerships with other city-states, not with each other
iii. Sparta declared war on Athens in 430 BC, because of Athens rise of power in Greece
b. Important Facts/Events During the War
i. Both Athens and Sparta had allies to help fight = most of Greece faced warfare
ii. Sparta had the strongest army
iii. Athens had the best navy and the most money
iv. After 27 years of war, in 404 BC, Athens’ navy was captured and the city was starved
into surrendering. The war was over, and Sparta won and was in control of Greece
c. Effects of the War
i. Thousands of Greeks were killed & wounded; widespread destruction of property/land
ii. For about 30 years, the Spartans controlled nearly all of Greece. Resentment led to
another period of war, which weakened Greece and left it open to attack from the
outside.
iii. In 338 BC, Macedonia, a country to the north, conquered the Greek city-states. Led first
by King Phillip II and then by his son Alexander the Great.
iv. Despite being conquered, Greek civilization and ideas were preserved by Alexander the
Great. He conquered a huge empire, establishing Greek Civilization in all the conquered
areas: Greece, Egypt, Mesopotamia and all the way to India.