Download Muscular Disorders

Muscular
Disorders
BUCCINATOR
DELTOID
MASSETER
STERNICLEIDOMASTOID
PECTORALIS
MAJOR
BICEPS BRACHII
EXTERNAL OBLIQUE
RECTUS ABDOMINUS
RECTUS FEMORIS
VASTUS LATERALIS
TIBIALIS ANTERIOR
BRACHIORADIALIS
SARTORIUS
TRAPEZEUS
TRICEPS BRACHII
GLUTEUS MEDIUS
LATISSIMUS DORSI
GLUTEUS MAXIMUS
GASTROCNEMIUS
SOLEUS MAJOR
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ATROPHY –
wasting away of
muscle due to
lack of use.
HYPERTROPHY –
an increase in the
size of the muscle
cell.
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STRAIN – tear in the
muscle resulting
from excessive use.
Bleeding inside the
muscle can result in
pain and swelling.
Ice packs will help
stop bleeding and
reduce swelling.
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MUSCLE SPASM
(cramp) –
sustained
contraction of the
muscle, usually
because of
overuse.
MYALGIA – muscle pain
TENDINITIS – inflammation of a tendon
■Cause: overuse or disease
■S/S: pain, stiffness,weakness
■Diagnostic tests: hx, exam
■Treatment: RICE, PT,
anti-inflammatory drugs,
lasers, shock waves, ultrasound
(P)RICE
R= REST
I= ICE
C= COMPRESSION
E= ELEVATE
Tetanus
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“Lock Jaw”
Cause: clostridium tetani bacteria
S/S: progressive muscle spasm, paralysis,
stiffness and pain, especially in jaw
Diagnostic tests: physical exam, lab tests, hx
of wound
Treatment: wound hygiene, tetanus antitoxin,
sedation, ventilator support, pain management
Muscular Dystrophy
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Cause: Genetic; carried on X
chromosome; most common in boys;
1:3500 live male births
S/S: muscle weakness in early stages;
Later, significant muscle weakness
including skeletal, cardiac, & smooth
muscle
Diagnostic Tests: physical exam,
genetic testing, EMG, muscle biopsy
Treatment: Palliative care
Myasthenia Gravis
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Cause: autoimmune attack at neuromuscular
junction
Most common in women under 40 and men
over 50
S/S: progressive, flucuating muscle weakness,
often starting with facial or eye muscles (MIND
TO GROUND)
Diagnostic Tests: Blood tests, EMG
(electromyogram)
Treatment: steroids, immunosuppressant
drugs, plasma exchange, acetlycholinesterase
inhibitors
Fibromyalgia
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Cause: unknown, but may be neurological
S/S: chronic pain of at least 3 months, bilateral
tenderness, fatigue, sleep disorders, depression,
anxiety, exercise intolerance
Mostly women (2% of population affected)
Diagnostic Tests: Location of pain confined to
“tender points”
Treatment: antidepressants, pain relievers,
exercise, anti-epileptic meds
Hernia
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Tear in the muscle wall that allows a
structure (usually an organ) to protrude
through it
Umbilical or inguinal
Can be dangerous if blood flow is
restricted
Hernia cont.
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Cause: outpouching of intestines into
the inguinal or umbilical region of the
body
S/S: visual bulging, pain, discomfort,
possible adhesions, incarceration of
intestinal loop, strangulation
Diagnostic Tests: hx, physical exam
Treatment: binding, surgical repair