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Chapter 6 Section 1 Mexico’s Land A) The Land • Mexico forms part of a land bridge between NA& SA. • Pacific Ocean borders on the West. • Gulf of Mexico borders to the East. • Baja California Sur is a peninsula. B) Land of the Shaken Earth • Has rugged landscape (mountains, volcanoes, earthquakes) • Why? Plates of earths crust collide for billions of years. • Famous volcano (Popocatepetl) nicknamed “El Popo.” • Country is called “land of the shaking earth.” 1) Mountains and Plateaus • 3 major mountain ranges in Mexico. • -Sierra Madre Occidental (runs N to S along western Mexico) • -Sierra Madre Oriental (runs along eastern side) • Sierra Madre del Sur (SW mexico.) • The mountains surround the Plateau of Mexico which covers 40% of the country. 2) Coastal Lowlands • Many of the countries longest rivers flow through the coastal lowlands. • Rio Grande forms a border between US and Mexico. It empties into the Gulf of Mexico. C) Climate • Latitude and altitude affect Mexico’s climates. • Mexico’s mountain ranges create 3 altitude zones. • On the coastal plains it is “Hot land” (tierra caliente) very hot and humid all year. Dense rainforest are also located here. Climate Con’t • As you climb mountains the temperature becomes cooler or moderate. (tierra templada) Farmers grow variety of crops. • At the top of mountains it is very cold (tierra fria) little or no plant life. • Mexico’s mountain ranges create 3 altitude zones. Mexico’s flag • Colors of flag: Green, White, Red • Middle of Mexico’s flag is a coat of arms. The coat of arms is a picture of an eagle sitting on a cactus eating a snake. • Flag adopted in 1821 Mexico’s Economy the mid-1990’s the United States, Mexico and Canada approved a trade agreement called __________________. *In ECONOMY • Manufacturing and mining are vital to the economy. • 20% of world’s silver is mined in Mexico • Service industries (tourism,banking) strengthen Mexico’s economy. • Rich in minerals, poor in fertile land. • Only 11% of Mexico’s land can be farmed on. Why? (Mountains, Volcanoes, Deserts,Rainforests) Silver • Example of where they mine Silver in Mexico. A) 3 Economic Regions • • • • • 1) Central MexicoEconomic heart of the country. 60% of people live in this area Good conditions for agriculture Large Industrial cities (Mexico City,Guadalajara.) • Mexico City is huge for this region • 27 million people, center of Mexico’s gov’t. •Picture of Mexico City 2) The North Baja California and northern part of Plateau of Mexico. Farming is limited b/c of dry conditions. Grow cotton, fruits, cereals,vegetables Ranchers raise cattle,sheep,goats, and pigs. Ranching began in Mexico The U.S- Mexico border has experienced an increase in maquiladoras. Mine copper, silver, lead and zinc Lots of factories that assemble parts (ex) cars, computers, stereos. Cars,Stereos,Computers • Mexico has lots of factories that work on cars, computers, and stereo parts. 3) The South • Southern edge of Mexico City to the Yucatan Peninsula. • People are extremely poor. • Subsistence farming (vocab word) is very common. • Very rare are plantations where coffee and sugarcane is grown. • Tourism is very important because of historical monuments and beautiful Looks Like Florence KY • Beautiful Beaches of Southern Mexico. B) Economic Challenges • Mexico is being industrialized (lots of factories) • Problems are land, pollution, and finding jobs. • 1) Pollution- Mountains block flow of air • Cars and factories leave thick air, or smog-very bad to breathe • Kids at school wear masks when on recess. Remember Recess • At recess in Mexico students have to wear masks because the air is so bad Economic Challenges • 2)Foreign Debt• To help its economy grow, Mexico borrowed money from foreign banks. • 3) Jobs/Population• Mexico’s population is growing twice as fast as U.S. • Can’t provide jobs for everybody • Some people move to U.S. illegally to find jobs.